U.S.-Cuban Relations

U.S. - Cuban Relations

The History Between Cuba & America... Cuban plantation owners couldn’t make enough money off sugar with their slaves; Americans began buying their farmland and implementing their machines to make profits

From February of 1898 to February of 1899, the Cuban revolt took place against Spain.

The U.S., known for helping countries gain independence, declared war on Spain when a U.S. warship explodes in Havana Harbor and invaded Cuba under Teddy Roosevelt’s command.

Americans start to see Cuba as an “exotic” getaway

The History Between Cuba & America...

The History Between Cuba & America... 1933: Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar takes over Cuba’s military in a revolt, then removes current government. Ramon Grau San Martin becomes new president, with Batista running things behind the scenes.

1934: New president is put in power after protests, and Treaty of Reciprocity is signed

1940: Batista is elected president, only to be defeated by Ramon Grau in 1944 election

Cuba declares war on axis powers after US enters WWII

The History Between Cuba & America... 1952: Batista returns from US, initiates a coup d’etat. Suspends constitution, gets rid of political parties, replaces congress.

1956: Castro returns from exile, tries three times to get rid of Batista, increasing support each time. Succeeds third time after rigged elections in 1958. Batista leaves on New Year’s Day, 1959. Hundreds of Federal employees under Batista are put on public, televised trials, and executed.

Castro visits VP Nixon, says he wants to side with U.S. in Cold War

The History Between Cuba & America... Cuba tries to end dependence on sugar crop. U.S citizen-owned agriculture, industry, and banks nationalized.

Cuba increases revolutionary activity in Caribbean and Latin America

Castro refuses to meet U.S. ambassador; arrests some U.S. citizens. Cuba re-instates relations with the Soviet Union in february of 1960. U.S doesn’t like this.

July 1960: U.S. cancels quotas for Cuba’s sugar. Castro nationalizes oil industry.

The History Between Cuba & America... ● April 12, 1961: “Bay of Pigs Fails”

Missile site under construction Cuban Missile Crisis

The History Between Cuba & America... ● 1966, Cuban Adjustment Act ● Helms-Burton Act Passed in U.S. on March 12, 1996

The History Between Cuba & America... 1960: Embargo placed on all exports to Cuba, the next year and embargo placed on nearly all Cuban imports.

1977: Jimmy Carter re-establishes relations with Cuba, open-door policy to Cuban immigrants

1980: Mariel Boatlift

1981: Reagan is elected, tightens embargo and reinstates travel restrictions. 197 assassination attempts during Reagan’s administration.

1996: Bill Clinton eases up a bit, but two planes with Cuban Americans shot down in Cuban airspace

George W. Bush tightens embargo back up, expands travel restrictions

Important Events to Restore The Relations

2015201220092008

Cuba's National Assembly elects

Raúl Castro president

Lifts all restrictions on

family travel and remittances to

Cuba

Cuban president decided to ease all

the other rules and regulations

Cuba was removed from U.S. terrorism

list

Reopen embassies in each other’s

capitals

Important Events to Restore The Relations

2016

Restoring commercial

flight between the US and

Cuba.

Obama visits Cuba

Airlines began commercial

flights to Cuba from JFK

Airport on Monday 11/28

Obama signs a directive

easing trade restrictions on

Cuban rum and cigars

President Obama’s visit to Cuba

JetBlue's first commercial flight to Havana

Present Cultural Differences: Hofstede Dimensions

United States

● Individualist ● Masculine ● Long-term oriented ● High/Low power distance (middle) ● Weak Uncertainty avoidance

Cuba ● Collectivist ● Feminine ● Short-term oriented ● High power distance ● Strong Uncertainty avoidance

Implications of Recent Events ● Acculturation

○ Allowance of travelling; embargo removal

● Conflict Resolution (present and moving forward) ○ Skills for negotiating past/current deals and maintaining good relations

■ Cultural Empathy ■ Mindful Reframing ■ Adaptive code-switching

Interviews with Ordinary Citizens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_0mVOinaVM

(interview with Cuban-Americans and Cuban citizens on recent restoration of diplomatic ties)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW9a3G4jB8Q

(interview with cuban citizens in cuba on issues with U.S.)

Fidel Castro’s Death

Cuban-Americans Celebrate Fidel Castro's Death

�[2:30 - 3:25]

● Day 5 out of 9 mourning Castro Death ● Cuban-Americans celebrate in the United States ● Miami Herald’s cover reads: DEAD ● Ladies in White ● Obama’s condolences vs. Trump’s harsh response

What Now? ● “Historical milestone” ● Obama’s hopefully “irreversible” progress ● Trump’s plan to “reverse” Obama’s progress ● Raul Castro

○ Resign 2018

● Trade embargo ● DACA

Sources

Yuhas, Alan. "US-Cuba Relations: Timeline of a Tangled History." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 20 Mar. 2016. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

"The U.S. And Cuba: A Brief History Of A Complicated Relationship." NPR. NPR, 17 Dec. 2014. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

http://www.cfr.org/cuba/timeline-us-cuba-relations/p32817

http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113

http://qz.com/314271/a-timeline-of-us-cuban-relations-since-the-cuban-revolution/

http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20130116-cuba-lifts-travel-restrictions

http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/02/24/cuba.nextpresident/

http://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2015/10/07/cuban-culture-according-to-hofstede/

https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html Randolph, James D. “The Revoltion and Its Aftermath.” Inside Cuba: The History, Culture, and Politics of an Outlaw Nation. 33-56.

Print. Pérez, Louis A., Jr. “Image and Identity.” Inside Cuba: The History, Culture, and Politics of an Outlaw Nation. 115-145. Print.