Final Paper-report writing

Running head: COURSE PROJECT- ROUGH DRAFT 1

Course project- Rough draft

Weltee Wolo

Rasmussen College

Author Note

This paper is being submitted on November 22, 2016, for Holli Rich’s B371/GEB3110

Research and Report Writing HSA3110 course

COURSE PROJECT- ROUGH DRAFT 2

1. Introduction

Currently, in the United States and all over the world, women and men alike are undergoing

procedures to rectify or enhance one part of their body or more. The industry is a multi-million

dollar one that is reported to generate $10.1 billion each year. Most of them go into the

procedure without adequate knowledge of the probable consequences of the surgeries. For those

who are slightly aware, they still go ahead and get the surgeries done on them and only after the

results have been realized do they start regretting. When such cases take place is when one sits

down to reflect whether the pain and the features are worth the effort of cosmetic surgery. The

report below is a compilation of findings from research carried out to establish just how much

damage the cosmetic surgery has impacted people and expert opinion on the issue.

2. Background

Women account for ninety-one percent of cosmetic surgery patients worldwide. As of 2010,

the number of those undergoing surgery had risen by 5 per cent from the previous years. Many of

the surgeries started off as quick fixes that later on motivated the women to get into dangerous

forms of operations. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the motivation of

undergoing the procedures is fast moving from improving appearances to look younger. Younger

women are now reported to be undergoing these procedures at an alarming rate than they were

before ever in history. The Society says that women seeking cosmetic surgery in their 30s have

risen by 4%, 19 to 34 is the age that prevails among liposuction procedures at a rate of 30%. The

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery states that the new wave of surgeries being seen

in recent years is those of the modern young woman seeking to trim out unwanted fat to look

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perfect. It also states that the most common form of aesthetic surgery is the insertion of breast

implants.

3. Collection of data

3. 1. Primary data

3.1.1. Interviews

For this particular study, a group of patients who had undergone plastic surgery was

picked. There were a total of 25 patients categorized into the different form, so procedures have

undergone. For the study to be valid, the women were grouped together to enhance further

freedom to talk and comfort. The result was that 24 of the women were not happy with the

results of the surgeries and 20 had their spouses and boyfriend ditch them after the operations

failed. The other question addressed in the interview was whether they would think of going for

another procedure to enhance their looks. Only one of the 25 considered doing correctional

surgery again.

3.1.2. Observation

The study involved looking at the physical appearance of the women who were selected

for the interviews to identify the adverse physical effects of the surgery further. Only two of the

patients looked ok at face value. The other 23 had notable appearances. One woman, for

example, had one breast larger than the other which was later attributed to one implant bursting

as the remaining one was infected. Two younger looking women had distorted faces which were

attributed to facelifts that went wrong. One woman who had excessively got Botox injections

had a permanent surprise look on her face and could not show emotion at all.

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3.1.3. Open ended questionnaires

There was also the use of open-ended questionnaires that were distributed among the 25

women under study. The questions asked were those similar to the ones in the interviews,

however, the fact that they were to be filled individually ensured that people could further

express their feelings without fear of being judged. The questionnaires remained anonymous, and

the participants were not to include their names on them.

3.2. Secondary data

The book, “Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of cosmetic surgery”, is written by

Kathy Davis a senior researcher in the PARIS research program and associate professor in

universities in Europe. She uses the book to explore and shed light on cosmetic surgery practice

that has become very popular in recent times especially among women. Her primary focus being

that average cosmetic surgery consumer trying to identify why women are doing this with such

increasing frequency. Her perspective facilitates the formulation of ideas based on the topic

hidden effects of cosmetic surgery and helps explain why people still indulge despite the

associated risks.

The authors of the article, “Autologous fat grafting in cosmetic breast Augmentation: A

systematic review on Radiological safety, complications, volume retention, and patient/surgeon

satisfaction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal” are all experts in the fields of medicine and hence

possess adequate knowledge to give advice on the topic above. The journal is based on a study

carried out on the effects of autologous fat grafting. They studied 22 articles that reported on

about 3500 cosmetic surgery patients they recorded the various side effects to determine whether

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the procedure was safe to use. The journal gives information about some of the adverse effects of

cosmetic surgery.

Dr.Veale is a consultant psychiatrist in cognitive behavior therapy in the Priory Hospital

in London; he specializes in body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

(BDD) among other disturbances. In the Journal, he points out the various side effects that

cosmetic surgery can have on a patient with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Not only are

there appearance defects he also shows that psychological harm occurs too. The primary journal

audience is patient with BDD and especially those who want to undertake repeated operations as

there is a possibility of adverse side effects to these operations. The article sheds light on why

undertaking cosmetic surgery is not an ideal process to go through and warns against it.

This website “http://botchedface.weebly.com/-negative-effects.html” is based on

article by Jenna Goudreau a business and women leadership writer for Forbes. The article looks

at the adverse effects of cosmetic surgery based on data from the American Society of Plastic

Surgeons and Optum health to determine that women make up a significant number of cosmetic

surgery patients it’s steadily increasing. In the article, those who would want to have cosmetic

surgery done are warned of the possible side effects which include psychological effects to add

to the potential health complications.

This article “Plastic surgery: Beauty or beast?” is based on research by the American

Psychological Association who wanted to find out the psychological effects of cosmetic surgery.

Its aim was to find out the patient satisfaction, how those close to the patient are affected by the

operations, effects on kids and teenagers and whether having cosmetic surgery done is a body

dysmorphic disorder. The psychologists also wanted to find out how plastic surgeons could

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conduct assessments to determine if the patient would be able to handle the psychological

effects.

4. Findings from the sources of data

4.1. Emotional impact

Once someone has undergone the procedure, it is always believed that they will feel

better about themselves especially if it was a procedure that was to improve a deformity.

According to Dr. Joseph Hullett of OptumHealth, patients are never fully prepared for the mental

and the emotional costs of the surgery. The stress is always brought about by the pain after the

procedures, sleepless nights. An example of surgery that could torment the patient thoroughly is

face-lifting surgery. At the end of the procedure the patient often ends up looking like they have

been run over by a truck or they received a good punch to their faces.

4.2. Unexpected outcomes

From the above data collected it is evident that those who have had these procedures may

suffer from unexpected outcomes. Many women undergo breast enlargement procedures so as to

boost their self-esteem. They may not, however, predict the impact that such actions will have on

people around them as well as their family and friends. Men often associate these procedures

with taking undeserved advantage over their sexuality. At the end of the day, the patient may not

be accepted by the society. For irreversible procedures, it can result in depression and self-

loathing, and they may not appreciate what they have gone through.

4.3. Life threatening changes

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Experts argue that there is a possibility of the procedures causing damage to the

recipient's nerves. Interviews conducted gave responses with similar results. The women being

studied reported changes in their sensitivity in areas around their breasts. According to

Veale(2000), the process of augmentation and breast surgery deflated the women's sensitivity.

15% of the respondents attested to reduced sensation around the nipple area. Hematoma also

resulted from breast augmentation. The problem is said to have developed in one to six percent

of the women who have undergone the procedure. Hypertrophic scarring occurred in 2-5 % of

the respondents as well. Besides these damages to the nervous system, increased breast size also

has an impact on the back and chest of the victim. When the breast is over enlarged, they can

lead to long-term backaches and discomfort in the chest.

4.4. Beauty botches

These are best described as surgeries and procedures that have gone wrong. They range

from eyes that cannot shut after corrective surgery, and permanent surprise looks rendered by

facelifts to sagging lips after liposuctions. Botched surgeries lead to renovated appearances

where the patient looks nothing like they anticipated or nothing close to what they looked like

before the surgery. The difference is usually horrendous, and the victim is left depressed with

even more sociological issues than before. Botched surgeries may be repairable however it is

uncertain as the results are unknown. Most of the time, however, the operations are not

reversible.

5. Recommendation

Due to these predictable yet harmful effects, it is recommended that women stay content

with how they look and not seek temporary and ugly solutions to their problems. As the old

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saying goes, beauty lies in the eye of the beholder and no woman should feel compelled to

change their looks for mere satisfaction and aesthetic reasons. The associated life-threatening

side effects of the surgeries should be the number one factor that discourages people from getting

involved with these cosmetic procedures. There is no need for someone to get into a situation

where there is a very high chance of them developing even more complicated conditions. For

conditions such as back pains and chest pains, they may never go away and later on in life, and

they may develop into even more unmanageable conditions for the victims.

Extreme cases of cosmetic surgery have led to death. These extremes should be analyzed

by women so that they can learn from them and realize just how much danger they face when

they risk their lives trying to look beautiful. From the case studies above the research

recommends that women should be content with how they look as this is the perfect source of

self-esteem on first hand. Finally, the research is extensive however there is room for further

contribution towards the consequences of cosmetic surgery that can be explored in the future by

scholar seeking to work on a similar project.

6. Conclusion

Finally, the consequences and the risks of cosmetic and plastic surgery are not worth the

effort as seen in the study. They are both a waste of time and money which can be put into other

uses. No one should risk their life for the sake of going under the knife so as to look good. A

wise woman is one put’s their money in the right investment channels and not on things that will

ruin their lives and lead them into misery. The positive impacts are very short lived and should

be outweighed by the adverse effects which help the women in a dilemma to make useful

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decisions about their bodies. IN conclusion, the beauty of the woman is beyond the physical

appearance as it ranges from being smart and wise.

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References

Adverse effects. Retrieved from http://botchedface.weebly.com/-negative-effects.html

November 8, 2016.

Association, A. P. (2016). Plastic surgery: Beauty or beast? Retrieved from:

http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx on November 8, 2016.

Davis, K. (2013). Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of cosmetic surgery. New York:

Routledge.

Groen, J.-W., Negenborn, V. L., Twisk, J. W. R., Ket, J. C. F., Mullender, M. G., & Smit, J. M.

(2016). Autologous fat grafting in cosmetic breast Augmentation: A systematic review on

Radiological safety, complications, volume retention, and

patient/surgeon satisfaction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36(9), 993–1007.

doi:10.1093/asj/sjw105

Veale, D. (2000). The outcome of cosmetic surgery and DIY’ surgery in patients with body

dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatric Bulletin, 24(6), 218–220. doi:10.1192/pb.24.6.218