ET332 Week1 - Week 4

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et332_week_1-week_4.docx

WEEK 1

· Op-Amp Introduction

1. Read Chapters 1-2 in the text Op Amps for Everyone Fourth Edition

2. For the configuration below:

https://content.grantham.edu/at/EE332/images/as1-image-1.png

3.

3. With Vin = 4Vrms, f = 1kHz answer the following for each case:

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 1kohm, RG = 5kohm

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 1kohm, RG = 1kohm

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 5kohm, RG = 1kohm

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 5kohm, RG = 5kohm

1. Describe the effect of on voltage gain of keeping RF constant and increasing or decreasing RG

1. Describe the effect of on voltage gain of keeping RG constant and increasing or decreasing RF

3.  For the configuration below

https://content.grantham.edu/at/EE332/images/as1-image-2.png

·

. With Vin = 5Vrms, f = 1kHz answer the following for each case:

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 1kohm, RG = 5kohm

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 1kohm, RG = 1kohm

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 5kohm, RG = 1kohm

1. Calculate voltage gain with RF = 5kohm, RG = 5kohm

1. Describe the effect of on voltage gain of keeping RF constant and increasing or decreasing RG

1. Describe the effect of on voltage gain of keeping RG constant and increasing or decreasing RF

1. What does the negative sign in the voltage gain formula indicate? 

4.  For the configuration below:

https://content.grantham.edu/at/EE332/images/as1-image-3.png

·

. With V1 = 5Vrms, V2 = 4Vrms, VN = 2Vrms, R1 = 1kohm, R2 = 2kohm, RN = 3kohm, RF = 5kohm answer the following:

1. Calculate Vout

5.  For the configuration below:

https://content.grantham.edu/at/EE332/images/image4.png

·

. With V1 = 5Vrms, V2 = 4Vrms, R1 = 1kohm, R2 = 2kohm, R3 = 3kohm, R4 = 5kohm answer the following:

1. Calculate Vout

6.  Include all calculations in a Word document with the title: “HW1_StudentID”, with your student id substituted in the file name.  Show all work for full credit.

7.  Upload file “HW1_StudentID”

Grading Criteria Assignments

Maximum Points

Meets or exceeds established assignment criteria

40

Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts

20

Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts

30

Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling

10

Total

100

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Copyright Grantham University 2013. All Rights Reserved

 

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W1 Lab "Op-Amp Introduction"

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Op-Amp Introduction

The purpose of this lab is to gain familiarity with using Multisim to construct and simulate the noninverting op amp, inverting op amp, adder, and differential amplifier circuits presented in the module. The effect of external biasing resistors will be demonstrated and calculations of output voltage performed in the homework will be confirmed. This lab will set the stage for the concept of confirming calculations with simulation software for the remainder of the course.

· Watch video Week 1 – Op-Amp Introduction.

· Design the Op-Amp configurations from the W1 Assignment “Op-Amp Introduction” in Multisim.

· For Non-Inverting Op-Amp:

. Analyze the non-inverting Op-Amp circuit to calculate the voltage gain Vout/Vin.

. Design a non-inverting Op-Amp with 5% resistor tolerances for RF and RG in Multisim.

. Run the simulation to measure the voltage gain Vout/Vin of the amplifier.

. Complete the table below:

Non-Inverting Amplifier

Vin / Freq

RF

RG

Calculated Voltage gain = Vout/Vin

Measured Voltage gain = Vout/Vin

4 Vrms / 1kHz

1kΩ

1kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

1kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

5kΩ

1kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

5kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

5kΩ

10kΩ

 

 

. Answer the following questions:

· Does the measured values match the calculated values? If not, explain why they are different?

· From your measurements, explain how increase in RG affects the voltage gain? Also, explain how increase in RF affects the voltage gain?

· What is the effect of resistor tolerance the voltage gain?

4. For Inverting Op-Amp:

A. Analyze the Inverting Op-Amp circuit to calculate the voltage gain Vout/Vin.

B. Design an inverting Op-Amp with 5% resistor tolerances for RF and RG in Multisim.

C. Run the simulation to measure the voltage gain Vout/Vin of the amplifier.

D. Complete the table below:

Inverting Amplifier

Vin / Freq

RF

RG

Calculated Voltage gain = Vout/Vin

Measured Voltage gain = Vout/Vin

4 Vrms / 1kHz

1kΩ

1kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

1kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

5kΩ

1kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

5kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

4 Vrms / 1kHz

5kΩ

10kΩ

 

 

D. Answer the following questions:

a. Does the measured values match the calculated values? If not, explain why they are different?

b. From your measurements, explain how increase in RG affects the voltage gain? Also, explain how increase in RF affects the voltage gain?

c. What is the effect of resistor tolerance the voltage gain?

5. For Op-Amp Adder:

A. Analyze the Op-Amp Adder circuit with R1 = 2 KΩ, R2 = 2 KΩ, R3 = 2KΩ and Rf = 5 KΩ to calculate the output voltage Vout.

B. Design an Op-Amp Adder with 5% resistor tolerances for R1, R2, R3 and Rf in Multisim.

C. Run the simulation to measure the output voltage Vout. (Voltage at the output terminal of the amplifier)

D. Complete the table below:

Op-Amp Adder

V1

V2

V3

Calculated Voltage, Vout

Measured Voltage, Vout

5Vrms

4Vrms

2Vrms

 

 

4Vrms

3Vrms

1Vrms

 

 

3Vrms

3Vrms

3Vrms

 

 

2Vrms

2Vrms

2Vrms

 

 

E. For each of the above Op-Amps, answer the following questions:

a. Does the measured values match the calculated values? If not, explain why they are different?

b. Write the expression for Vout of an Op-Amp Adder.

c. From your measurements, explain how input voltages V1, V2 and V3 affect the output voltage?

d. What is the effect of resistor tolerance the output voltage?

6. For Differential Op-Amp:

A. Analyze the Differential Op-Amp circuit with R1 = 2 KΩ, R2 = 2 KΩ, R3 = 2KΩ and R4 = 5 KΩ to calculate the output voltage Vout.

B. Design a Differential Op-Amp circuit with 5% resistor tolerances for R1, R2, R3 and R4 in Multisim.

C. Run the simulation to measure the output voltage of the amplifier.

D. Complete the table below:

Differential Op-Amp Adder

V1

V2

Calculated Voltage, Vout

Measured Voltage, Vout

5Vrms

4Vrms

 

 

4Vrms

3Vrms

 

 

3Vrms

3Vrms

 

 

2

2

 

 

1. Create a new word document called “Lab1_StudentID.docx” with your GID substituted into the file name.

1. Verify all calculations from analysis and measurements from simulations from steps 3, 4, 5 and 6. Save the results along with the tables and paste the screen captures in the word document. Make sure to answer the questions in each step.

Upload file “Lab1_StudentID” in Blackboard.

Please fill out and use the following Lab Report Template when submitting your lab work.

Please read and follow the guidelines given in the Solutions Template in submitting all of your lab work.

WEEK 2

· W2 Discussion

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Filter Design

Directions: Please answer BOTH of the questions and respond to a minimum of two of your classmates.

Question A

Discuss the various compromises that must be made in order to use “quick filter design” techniques. What are some advantages of using this design approach?

Question B

Discuss some items that are critical to understand prior to any modern filter design effort.

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W2 Assignment "Active Filter Design Techniques"

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Active Filter Design Techniques

Active Filter Design Techniques

1. Refer to Chapter 6 in the text as needed.

2. Using the Fast, Practical Filter Design technique presented in section 6.3 design the following.  Be sure to show all work for full credit.

2. Low-Pass Filter with critical frequency = 10kHz.

2. High-Pass Filter with critical frequency = 10kHz.

2. Narrow-Bandpass Filter with critical a band of 100kHz

2. Create a MultiSIM schematic of each of your designs.  Provide a screenshot.

2. Perform a simulation of each design to demonstrate the filter behavior.  Take a screenshot.

2. From your simulation and screenshot in the above step, what is the gain in dB at the critical frequency for the low-pass filter and the high-pass filter?  What is the bandpass of the bandpass filter, and how did you determine it? 

2. If you were to implement your high-pass filter in hardware, what considerations would you need to take into consideration?  How would these considerations impact the performance and the extent to which you would meet specifications?  Be specific!  Provide specific examples of the issues you would encounter based on your specific initial design and actions you would need to take to finalize your design.  Is there anything you would have done differently to create your initial design in step 2 above if you had thought about an implementation in hardware from the beginning?

2. Include all your calculations and screenshots in a Word Document with the title: “HW2_StudentID”, with your student id substituted in the file name.  Show all work for full credit.

2. Upload file “HW2_StudentID”

Grading Rubric

Step 3 & 4:  Solves problems using current software used in the discipline (e.g. Matlab, Multisim, IDEs, etc.)

Excellent       

Competent

Needs Improvement

Develops a solution using software with few to no errors and incorporating advanced features of the software tool

Develops a solution using software with no major or significant errors in use of the software tool

Makes significant errors in use of software tool to solve problems.  The errors are related to the use and understanding of the software tool and not specifically to the problem.

25

15-20

0-10

Step 2 & 5:  Analyzes or designs analog or digital subsystems or systems (amplifiers, filters, counters, etc.)

Excellent       

Competent

Needs Improvement

Correctly analyzes the system to determine performance or systematically designs circuit which meets specified requirements.  Work shown is clear and methodical with proper units.

Attempts to analyze or design the system, properly understands the general approach or algorithm, and completes the analysis or design but with a few errors.

Does not have a systematic approach for the analysis or design; misunderstands key concepts; unable to complete the process.

30

20-25 based on errors

0 – 15 based on severity

Step 6:  Translates engineering theory to real applications

Excellent       

Competent

Needs Improvement

Generally is able to translate theory into engineering applications and recognizes limitations of mathematical or engineering models without error.  If additional peripheral real-world impacts exist, most of these are addressed.

Generally is able to translate theory into engineering applications and recognizes limitations of mathematical or engineering models with only minor errors though some broader or peripheral real world impacts may not be considered.

Does not appear to grasp the connection between theory and real-world problems.

25

15-20

0-10

Step 4, 7, and 8:  Provides a well written report ( Following APA formatting,  including figures, equations and answer to the questions)

Excellent       

Competent

Needs Improvement

Well written professional report.  Screenshot in step 4 is sized such that critical frequency and gain is well displayed, is readable, and with appropriate scales and units.

Well written report.  Screenshot from step 4 is provided but may not be sized well.  Axes are correct but units are not standard for the problem.

Report is not well laid out or professional in appearance and does not include all relevant items.  Screenshot may be missing or poorly displayed.  Axes and units may not be correct.

20

10-15

0-5

TOTAL

100

 

 

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1. https://lms.grantham.edu/images/ci/sets/set01/assignment_on.gif

W2 Lab "Active Filter Design Techniques"

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Active Filter Design Techniques

The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate how to use Multisim in order to produce Bode Plots via AC Analysis. This plot will allow for a determination of the range of frequencies for which an op-amp circuit operates optimally. Students will make adjustments to external bias resistors to determine the relationship between gain and frequency in op-amp circuits.

3. Watch video Week 2 – Bode Plot

3. Construct an Active Filter (An Op-Amp configuration presented in the video) in Multisim and compute the gain of the amplifier (in db - Decibels) for the following combinations of RF and RG.

3. Perform AC Analysis to measure the gain of the amplifier (Use 5% resistor tolerances for simulation) and complete the table below:

RF

RG

Calculated OpAmp Gain (in db) = Vout/Vin

Measured OpAmp Gain (in db) = Vout/Vin

2kΩ

10kΩ

 

 

2kΩ

20kΩ

 

 

2kΩ

40kΩ

 

 

10kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

20kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

40kΩ

5kΩ

 

 

3. Take the screen shots of bode plot for each of the above combinations of RF and RG.

3. For the Op-Amp Circuit, answer the following questions:

5. Does the measured values of the gain match the calculated values? If not, explain why they are different?

5. What is the cutoff frequency you measured from the simulation?

5. Based on the cut off frequency, what type of active filter is constructed in this lab?

5. From your measurements, explain how increase in RG affects the gain of the amplifier? How does bode plot change with increase in RG?

5. From your measurements, explain how increase in RF affects the gain of the amplifier? How does bode plot change with increase in RF?

5. What is the effect of resistor tolerance on the gain of the filter?

3. Create a new word document called “Lab2_StudentID.docx” with your GID substituted into the file name.

3. Verify all calculations from analysis and measurements from simulation. Save the results along with the table and paste the screen captures in the word document. Make sure to answer the questions.

Upload file “Lab2_StudentID” in Blackboard.

WEEK 3

· W3 Discussion

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Op-Amp Application and Datasheets

Directions: Please answer BOTH of the questions and respond to a minimum of two of your classmates.

Question A

Discuss why it is important to consider the Gain Bandwith Product (GBW) and the Slew Rate (SR) when selecting an op amp for a particular application. What other factors are important and why?

Question B

Discuss why it is important to understand how interpret data from op amp datasheets. How might this skill be used when designing op amp circuits?

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W3 Assignment "Practical Op-Amps – Understanding Op Amp Parameters"

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Practical Op-Amps – Understanding Op Amp Parameters

1. Search the Internet for a LM741 datasheet. texas Instruments can be a good source.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Given a signal with a peak voltage of 10V and a frequency of 2kHz, calculate the SR for Figure A.4, pg. 212.

2. Given a total noise voltage of ent = 1mV, current noise In = 2pA/sqrt(Hz), and a source resistance Rs = 2kohms, calculate the voltage noise, Vn parameter.  Requires solving for Vn in equation (A.3), pg. 207.

3. Given that the maximum frequency without distortion fmax is defined as fmax = SR/2πVp, calculate SR with fmax = 3kHz, and Vpp = 15.

4. Review the “LM741 datasheet” in your course materials and provide the following information:

1. Supply voltage range

2. Input Offset Voltage (typical) and (max)

3. Large Signal Voltage Gain (min) and (typical)

4. CMRR (typical)

5. SVRR (typical)

6. SR (typical)

7. How many BJT’s comprise the internal circuitry?

3. Scan all work and save it for upload with the title: “HW3_StudentID”, with your student id substituted in the file name.  Show all work for full credit.

4. Upload file “HW3_StudentID”

Grading Criteria Assignments

Maximum Points

Meets or exceeds established assignment criteria

40

Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts

20

Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts

30

Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling

10

Total

100

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Copyright Grantham University 2013. All Rights Reserved

 

· https://lms.grantham.edu/images/ci/sets/set01/assignment_on.gif

W3 Lab "Practical Op-Amps – Understanding Op Amp Parameters"

Analog Integrated Circuits & Lab

Practical Op-Amps – Understanding Op Amp Parameters

The purpose of this lab is to use Multisim to determine the slew rate of an op-amp using a virtual oscilloscope. Students will compare typical values of slew rate obtained from a data sheet to those measured in Multisim. An understanding of how to measure this practical limitation of op-amps will provide insight in how to choose the appropriate op-amp for a given application.

1. Watch video Week 3 – Op-Amp Slew Rate.

2. Construct an Op-Amp configuration presented in the video in Multisim.

3. Use the datasheet of the Op-Amps to find the slew rate and then use the Oscilloscope to measure the slew rate. 

4. Use the Op-Amps given in the table to repeat step 3 and complete the table.

Op-Amp

Slew rate from Datasheet

Measured Slew rate from simulation

LM741

 

 

LM324

 

 

LM318

 

 

LM307

 

 

LM2904

 

 

LM224

 

 

3. Take the screen shots of the Vout for slew rate measurements for each of the above Op-Amps.

3. Answer the following questions:

f. What is a slew rate and explain how it helps in determining the type of Op-Amp for applications.

f. How do you measure slew rate given the input and output voltage of an Op-Amp? What are the tools used to measure the slew rate?

f. Does the measured values of the slew rate match the values from datasheet? If not, explain why they are different?

f. Explain the differences between the slewing phenomenon.

1. Create a new word document called “Lab3_StudentID.docx” with your GID substituted into the file name.

1. Verify all calculations from analysis and measurements from simulation. Save the results along with the table and paste the screen captures in the word document. Make sure to answer the questions.

WEEK 4

Radio Frequency Applications and Feedback

Directions: Please answer BOTH of the questions and respond to a minimum of two of your classmates.

Question A

Discuss some important op amp parameters needed for radio frequency (RF) applications utilizing op amps.

Question B

Discuss what is meant by “voltage” and “current” feedback. What are the advantages of each type of feedback?

Using Op-Amps for Radio Frequency Design

1. Read Chapter 7 from the text.

2. Read the document Week 4 - RF Oscillator.pdf

3. Calculate the value of RG needed in order to produce the following output voltages (peak-to-peak):

1. Vout = 5 volts

2. Vout = 7.5 volts

3. Vout = 10 volts

4. Vout = 10.5 volts

4. Include all calculations in a Word document with the title: “HW4_StudentID”, with your student id substituted in the file name.  Show all work for full credit.

5. Upload file “HW4_StudentID”

Using Op-Amps for Radio Frequency Design

The purpose of this lab is to construct a practical Colpitts RF Oscillator circuit with MultiSIM. The frequency of output waveforms will be measured using a virtual oscilloscope. Students will gain an understanding of the effects biasing resistors on the output frequency of oscillator.

1. Review the document Week 4 - RF Oscillator.pdf

2. Calculate the value of RG in order to produce the following output voltages (peak-to-peak).

Vout

RG

5V

 

7V

 

10V

 

12V

 

15V

 

3. Construct the Colpitts Oscillator in Figure 2 of the document in Multisim.

4. Using the values of RG from the table, run the simulations to confirm the output voltage, Vout.

5. Using Agilent Oscilloscope, plot the output waveform of Vout for each case and measure the frequency of the output. Take the screen capture for each measurement.

6. Reverse the polarity of the diodes and redo steps 4 and 5.

RG

Measured Frequency (in Hz)

Vout (Forward Biased)

Vout (Reverse Biased)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Observe the differences in the output voltage and the frequencies between forward and reverse biased diode settings and explain the significance of diodes in the operations of this oscillator.

8. Answer the following questions:

a. Describe the operations of the Colpitts oscillator circuit and explain how it helps in generating clean sinusoidal output?

b. How does the two diodes help in providing linear input to the voltage follower circuit?

c. Discuss how the resistor Ros can be setup to perform soft clipping operations.

9. Create a new word document called “Lab4_StudentID.docx” with your GID substituted into the file name.

10. Verify all calculations from analysis and measurements from simulation. Save the results along with the table and paste the screen captures in the word document. Make sure to answer the questions.

11. Upload file “Lab4_StudentID” in Blackboard.

Midterm

This exam covers Modules 1-4.  Scan, handwrite answers and upload solutions.  Show all required calculations for full credit.

1. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

 

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image1.png

2. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image2.png

3.  Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image3.png

4. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image4.png

5. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image5.png

6. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image6.png

7. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image7.png\

8. Identify the op-amp configuration and calculate Vout (pin 6) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image8.png

9.  Calculate the slew rate (SR) for the following circuit:

C:\Users\john.morris\Desktop\image9.png

10.  Calculate the Bom (full power bandwidth) for the circuit in question 9.  What does this parameter describe?