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gan-holism__reductionism.docxRunning Head: HOLISM Vs REDUCTIONISM 1
Holism Vs Reductionism 3
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HOLISM VS REDUCTIONISM
Holism Vs Reductionism
Table of contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................…...3
The development of a new electric vehicle using Holism concept…………………………....4
The development of a new electric vehicle using reductionism concept………………….......5
Conclusion....................................................................................................................………..7
Reference………………………………………………………………………………….......8
Introduction
Holism is a systematic approach that is based on understanding the entire system wholly. Holism works by first understanding the entire system through the system’s single component. Holistic approaches work by examining processes by themselves then concluding on the systematic compositions such as patterns, configurations and processes among others. Through the holistic approach, the system is understood in a collectively such as an organization, team and group among others (Pigliucci, 2014).
Reductionism on the other hand can be defined as a systematic approach that is based on the fragmentation of objects from complex to smaller divisions and finally individual components during problem solving. The focus of reduction is founded on individual tasks in the system.In order to reduce the stress that accompanies the use of reduction on complex objects, the object is first broken down into sections then each section handled predominantly through levels. At each level, different methodologies are applied hence cannot be termed as a solution when subscribing to the whole scenario concept (Jaradat 2015).
The primary similarity between the holism and reductionism concept in problem solving is that they both work by breaking down a system into individual concepts although from different perspectives. Holism first establishes a whole system before breaking it while reductionism first fragments a system into smaller divisions then to individual components. What matters in the two approaches is the level of breakdown. Both approaches are also systematic in nature although they work in different perspectives. The primary difference between the two approaches is that while holism is founded on the whole system, reductionism is founded on individual tasks that make up the entire system.
The development of a new electric vehicle using Holism concept
Electric car vehicle system functionality is based on an electric system. The major source of electricity in an electric vehicle is the motor. The primary purpose of the electric vehicle is to propel the vehicle through power generation. As a way of operating in low speed and high torque capacity, the electric vehicle’s motor is required to generate high amounts of energy. A motor vehicle’s speed is directly proportional to the power dispensed by the motor. The amount of power to be dispensed by the motor is depended on the vehicles user. Pushing of the accelerator pedal results in increased power in the vehicle’s system hence increased speed. Similarly, a release of the accelerator pedal results in a drop in the power and the resulting speed and torque in the system. The system’s ability to perform to its optimum is dependent on the amount of power transmitted from the motor and transmitted to the tyres hence the resultant oscillations which can be interpreted as speed. Energy in the electric vehicle systematically moves from the battery to the mechanical transmission. The battery charger aids in charging the battery and transmits this power from the power converter to the electric motor. From the electric motor, the power translates into mechanical coupling before being converted into mechanical transmission. Mechanical transmission is the factor in the system that is responsible for tyre oscillations and subsequent movement of a vehicle. Other factors in the electric vehicle system are controller and drivers. Controllers are used in controlling energy to respond to the electric vehicle users while drivers are used to facilitate power conversion for use by the electric vehicle’s electric system (Tarroja et al., 2014).
Electric power used in powering the vehicle is derived from the vehicle’s electric system. The starter is the starting point of the electric vehicle car system and cranks the engine when the ignition switch is turned on. The alternator is the second device in the electric car system and is used in recharging the battery to power up the vehicle’s battery. Other than the battery, the alternator also powers up other electric loads in the car such as the motor. A car’s battery is its primary power supply and is responsible for igniting a car hence the centre of the car’s electric system. The battery facilitates functionality of an electric vehicle’s electric system by supplying power to the car’s starter which is used by the ignition system in the ignition process. Other electrical components in the car such as lights, radio, wipers and power windows utilise the battery’s energy while not in motion. However, once the vehicle is in motion, the vehicle’s electric components do not use the car’s battery energy but rather energy generated by the vehicle’s alternator. Upon ignition, propulsion of the vehicle utilises the vehicle’s power battery by transmitting power from the motor vehicles to the vehicles motors which generates more power to be used in moving the vehicle (Kampker et al., 2015).
The functionality of an electric vehicle’s system is affected with various factors due to the dynamic nature of roads and operational parameters. As a result, the entire vehicle’s system should be made flexible enough and adaptive to facilitate functionality in the course of both steady and fluctuating performance. The torque and motor speed of a vehicle is dependent on the energy used hence transmission of higher energy results in higher speed and torque and vice versa (Tarroja et al., 2014).
The development of a new electric vehicle using reductionism concept
The electric vehicle system is made up of two major subsystems mainly the electric system and the vehicle’s platform. The electric system is made up of electric components such as electrical energy sources and a power converter among others. The vehicle’s platform on the other hand is made up of other factors such as the wheels, lighting, control system and braking systems among others. An electric motor vehicle’s electric system is responsible for the generation and conversion of electric energy towards propulsion of the vehicle. The electric motor vehicle’s electric system is made up of two key components mainly mechanical transmission and electric generation. The mechanical transmission subsystem is made up of the controller, driver, power converter and electric motor.. The electric generation is made up of battery and the battery charger. The function of the battery and the battery charger is to provide the necessary electrical energy used for powering the vehicle while the battery charger works by recharging the battery respectively. In the mechanical transmission, the controller controls both the vehicle and driver aspects. The drivers facilitate the propulsion of the vehicle by regulating and balancing the various vehicle variables such as energy, power and speed among others.
The power converter works by converting direct current to alternating current which is then harnessed to move the car forward. The electric motor utilises the current supplied propel the car through a series of mechanical processes such as mechanical coupling and transmission. Mechanical coupling is an integration of various vehicle factors such as power and speed to establish the speed of the vehicle and braking among others. Mechanical transmission is the translation of energy, power and speed into tyre oscillations by the vehicle (Pigluicci et al., 2014).
The performance of an electric vehicle is dependent on a number of factors since the road design and operational parameters continuously change. As a result, the vehicle’s control system should be made robust and adaptive to function during both steady and dynamic performances. The vehicle’s motor speed is a variable of energy hence the speed is relative to the vehicle user’s voltage supply from the foot accelerator pedal. When the car pedal is pressed, electric currents are transferred from the battery to the motor. Signals sent by the controller are proportional to the amount of force exerted by the user on the foot accelerator pedal. Pushing of the accelerator signals the battery to increase power release to the motor hence facilitating the car’s acceleration to the desired speed output. The sensors are able to sense the vehicle’s actual speed through the tires oscillations and transmit it to the controller for use by the user (Tarroja et al., 2014).
Voltage to speed conversion in the vehicle is effectively performed through the PWM technique which enables the controller to send power pulses to the motor in thousands of time per second. In this case, short pulses will make the vehicle to be slow while long pulses will make the vehicle to be fast. Both the load and motor torques are a result of power transmission hence higher speed and heavier goods will utilise more energy that low speed and lighter goods. Both the power and load torques are directly proportional to the amount of voltage used. In order to attain a balance of both, the speed regulator controller should be PID or PI in nature (Kampker et al., 2015).
Conclusion
To sum up, both Holism and Reductionism have their own advantages and disadvantages, in the short run as well as in the long run, based on the various constraints like time, location, process etc., the holism can be advantageous in some instance, while reductionism is more advantageous in different occasion. It takes a clear and thoughtful judgement on deciding holism and reductionism.
References
Jaradat, R. M. (2015). Complex system governance requires systems thinking-how to find systems thinkers. International Journal of System of Systems Engineering, 6(1-2), 53-70.
Kampker, A., Deutskens, C., Kreisköther, K., Büning, M. K., & Kuhn, M. (2015, September). Return on engineering: Design to cost for electric engine production. In Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC), 2015 5th International (pp. 1-6).IEEE.
Pigliucci, M. (2014). Between holism and reductionism: a philosophical primer on emergence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112(2), 261-267.
