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The author, Senior Sumner, confronts the question that emanates from the horizons of science that many scientists, leading thinkers, futurists, and influential philosophers have had it hovering for a long time. It reveals the hidden worries that few experts have been talking about, and exposes the false fears that some individuals avoid concerning the fact that synthetic biology developments pose unfathomable results.

Sumner’s main claim is that synthetic biology will greatly revolutionize life in 21st century. This is clearly introduced in the first line by terming synthetic biology a legoland of scientist. This, in essence implies that it is a playground where scientist are unbound in attempting to produce bio organism based on their imagination. All of the arguments and evidences provided in the articles are anchored by the scientific imaginations triggered by the introduction line. They affirm the author’s view that scientists have great ability to manipulate nature and bring about artificial and new organisms through scientific means.

The author argues that for many centuries biological engineering has been in play, and that people have been modifying plants and animals through breeding and artificial selection for domestication. Thus, his posing of the question, What Should We Be Worried About? Is inherent with what the world’s greatest minds have been wondering about, about what Technological Singularity, Stem Cell engineering, Synthetic Biology, etc. holds for the future. The author backs his claims with the facts that people have successfully ensnaring yeast and bacteria to make wine, beer and wine as well as taming wolves to become best domestic animals. These, in author’s view are impetus that have led to the scientists being able to manipulate natural system through synthetic biology, and now they (scientists) stand at a very high level of modifying virtually every bio-module to suit their imagination. Typically, the author’s claims are clearly illustrated in the sense that people, be they pundits or laymen, they are all aware of animal breeding and artificial selection of animals and plants. Thus, the claims clearly and validly demonstrate author’s worry effectively in a manner that everyone comprehends, because the claims are drawn and illustrated from the common knowledge. Furthermore, Sumner explores on the utilization of synthetic biology in techniques such as plug and play, an approach e.g. BioBricks that is meant to enhance manipulation at the molecule level, re-creation of genome through epigenetic programming, and the fact that these advancement have possibilities of being under the influence of politicians, public, businesses and entrepreneurs.

The author affirms his claim about robust revolution of life through synthetic biology by giving the example that woolly mammoth genome was sequenced in 2008 and already Japanese researchers are in the process of cloning it at the moment. Based on the author’s lens view, developments in synthetic biology pose provoking questions to the pundits and laymen. Incidentally, Sumner jerks the minds of those without enough worry to worry about the unfathomable, or cause in them sleepless nights thinking of What Should We Be Worried About?

Sumner frets about the uncertainties that can be brought about by synthetic biology however, human life is still dogged with myriad of challenges; there is still no cure, no clear sense of treatment, prevention or causes of disease such as Ebola, Zia, etc. The author’s arguments however, does not lack sense, variety or detail. The evidence is fascinating and draws eminent questions. Sumner shudders over the unimaginable results of synthetic biology causing rapid changes in the world. Perspectives formed based on author’s points of view bring up grand questions of existence that can be only addressed abstractly. That is, the viewpoints tend to imply that human being are losing their prime role in world due to mysteries brought about by synthetic biology and its enormous capabilities. Sumner’s arguments provide a lot of fodder for anxiety than what the average reader can stomach.

The author addresses a general audience; the laymen, scholars, scientists, and experts. He is introduces synthetic revolution using examples from the real life that every individual is aware of. Furthermore, he delves into greater details by touching of stem cell engineering by giving an example of Dolly & Co. and other credible examples in development of genome sequence. This approach aims at the general audience based on the fact that the examples and evidence used caters the understanding differences of the targeted individuals. Hence, the writer is able to bring forth his question in a manner that everyone understands. Of course, the audience is put in a situation they are in a position to interrogate the author’s view. They are able to determine based on the provided evidence, whether the author’s worry is pointless, there is nothing to worry about, or whether in accepting reality, there is greatest danger to uncheck on the progress of synthetic biology.

Therefore, Sumner arguments have high possibilities to lay grounds for worry. His contributions and arguments on the uncertainty of synthetic biology are more compelling and offer impressive array of ideas that make the reader think, argue, and-presumably-worry. Typically, Sumner perceives that ecosystem is continuously undergoing change in function, form and relationship. Thus, his arguments on synthetic biology with response to aspects of life including viruses, water resources, science literacy, and possible failure to cooperation, present a bold approach to significant quandaries, especially on synthetic revolution and its future impact, and fuels critical interrogation of important changes in aspects of life.