Biology final quiz

a) 

we have learned that fear responses lead to rewards.

b) 

we see others showing fear.

c) 

we judge that a threat is present.

d) 

we feel the fight-or-flight response is underway.

a) 

the nervous system controls and responds to body functions and directs behavior

b) 

nervous system structure and function are determined by both genes and environment throughout life

c) 

every behavior can be explained solely by reference to the brain

d) 

the brain is the foundation of the mind, making learning, memory, language, and other processes possible 

a) 

It is always caused by brain damage.

b) 

It may involve an inability to form new memories.

c) 

It may involve an inability to retrieve old memories.

d) 

Amnesic patients typically recover within a few days.

a) 

changes in respiration

b) 

the quality and quantity of dreams

c) 

chcanges in the electrical activity of the brain

d) 

changes in consciousness

a) 

reflex

b) 

grapheme

c) 

phoneme

d) 

morpheme

a) 

it is unethical to induce brain damage in humans for the purpose of research

b) 

brain damage is rarely the same from case to case

c) 

a damaged brain gives us little information about brain structure and function in the living brain

d) 

it is difficult to obtain the brain of a person who has suffered brain damage

a) 

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

b) 

fight-or-flight syndrome

c) 

fetal alcohol syndrome

d) 

REM sleep

a) 

hair cells

b) 

bipolar neurons

c) 

stretch receptors

d) 

Meissner corpuscles

a) 

tolerance

b) 

consolidation

c) 

encoding

d) 

law of mass action

a) 

bipolar depression

b) 

amphetamine psychosis

c) 

Alzheimer's disease

d) 

Drug addiction

a) 

fear and anxiety

b) 

love and trust

c) 

disgust

d) 

decorticate rage

a) 

oxytocin and dopamine

b) 

glutamate and glycine

c) 

dopamine and vasopression

d) 

vasopressin and oxytocin

a) 

46; 23

b) 

23; 23

c) 

92; 46

d) 

46; 92

a) 

Inability to comprehend speech

b) 

Blindness in half the visual field

c) 

Poorly regulated emotions

d) 

Inability to remember tunes

a) 

nucleus accumbens

b) 

central nucleus of the amygdala

c) 

orbitofrontal cortex

d) 

medial geniculate nucleus

a) 

anterograde amnesia

b) 

retrograde amnesia

c) 

transient global amnesia

d) 

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

a) 

corticotropin-releasing hormone and ACTH

b) 

acetylcholine and serotonin

c) 

androgens and estrogens

d) 

epinephrine/norepinephrine and cortisol

a) 

Impaired speech production in patients who are aware of the difficulty

b) 

Impaired speech comprehension in patients who are unaware of the difficulty

c) 

Inability to remember the names of things

d) 

Ability to speak more than one language

a) 

lateral inhibition

b) 

receptor adaptation

c) 

long-term potentiation

d) 

glycolysis

a) 

short-term memories are stored within the hippocampus

b) 

the hippocampus is required for retrieval of long-term memories

c) 

long-term memories are stored within the hippocampus

d) 

the hippocampus converts short-term memories into long-term memories

a) 

Learning and memory are synonymous.

b) 

Long-term memories are related to the electrical activity of the brain

c) 

Learning involves the modification of the nervous system by experience.

d) 

Learning is possible in the absence of memory.

a) 

most language problems are noted after damage to the right rather than to the left hemisphere

b) 

most language problems are noted after damage to the left rather than to the right hemisphere

c) 

right-handed persons are more likely to have their language center located within the right hemisphere

d) 

electrical stimulation of the left hemisphere has a smaller effect on language than does similar stimulation of the right hemisphere

a) 

receptive field

b) 

threshold

c) 

transduction

d) 

area centralis

a) 

the control of speech is a function of the left hemisphere

b) 

the right hemisphere controls movements on the right side of the body

c) 

damage to the right hemisphere impairs speech

d) 

different regions of the brain control heart rate and breathing,purposeful movements, and sensory function

a) 

speech perception

b) 

emotional experience

c) 

understanding social rules

d) 

motor movements

a) 

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

b) 

saltatory conduction of thought

c) 

Klüver-Bucy theory of emotion

d) 

James-Lange theory of emotion

a) 

Pima Indians in the U.S. and Mexico share the same genes, but only those persons who live in a particular environment develop obesity.

b) 

Several forms of human obesity involve a deficit in ghrelin production, which can be treated by ghrelin injection. 

c) 

Twin studies indicate that genes account for 25 percent of the variability in body fat accumulated when people are fed a high-fat diet.

d) 

Twin studies indicate that genes account for little of the variability in body fat accumulated when people are fed a high-fat diet.

a) 

vestibular hair cells

b) 

long-term potentiation

c) 

prefrontal cortex

d) 

bipolar depression

a) 

there is a gene that is responsible for schizophrenia

b) 

schizophrenic parents will have schizophrenic children

c) 

a twin of a schizophrenic person has a greater than average chance of developing schizophrenia

d) 

some races are more schizophrenic than others

a) 

alcoholism and smoking are independent diseases

b) 

alcoholism and smoking share common genetic factors

c) 

smokers are high in status and achievement, but low in sensation seeking

d) 

alcoholics are high in status and achievement,  but low in sensation seeking

a) 

Dizygotic twins haved a higher concordance rate than do monozygotic twins.

b) 

Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do dizygotic twins.

c) 

Heterozygotic twins have a lower concordance rate than do monozygotic twins.

d) 

Adopted children resemble their adopted families wth regard to a trait.

a) 

motivation

b) 

stress

c) 

learning

d) 

emotions

a) 

neurotransmitters

b) 

hormones

c) 

neurotrophic factors

d) 

genes

a) 

Plasticity in recovering from significant brain damage; importance of past experience in forming memories; reliance of emotional regulation on frontal cortex

b) 

Involvment of the hippocampus in memory; ability of one kind of learning, such as mirror drawing, to survive amnesia affecting other kinds of learning.

c) 

Importance of youth in surviving major brain damage; dependence of brain plasticity on the Y chromosome.

d) 

Confirmation of the amygdala as a "fear center" and of prefrontal cortex as a inhibitor of the amygdala.

a) 

controversial, but it is assumed to play some role

b) 

recently well-understood

c) 

well-understood only in lower mammals

d) 

well-established

a) 

adult brains are capable of major adaptation

b) 

adult brains are not as plastic as developing brains

c) 

adult brains are set in their own ways

d) 

new neurons created in adult brains can be integrated into existing neural circuits

a) 

hypothalamus

b) 

amygdala

c) 

frontal cortex

d) 

corpus callosum

a) 

hormone secretions

b) 

behavior

c) 

how far a species has evolved

d) 

electrical activity of the left hemisphere

a) 

spatial frequency

b) 

the fovea

c) 

visual acuity

d) 

a receptive field