Applied Statistics & Design of Experiment HW in MINITAB

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Drawing Conclusions Designing an Experiment

2 Choose Window ÿ Interaction Plot for Hours to make the interaction plot active.

The vertical scale (y-axis) is in units of the response (Hours).

Interaction Plot for Hours Data Heans

J lO

9 This point is the mean time j required to prepare packages using the new order processing system and packing procedure A.

This legend displays the levels of the first factor (OrderSystem).

A B

\ / The horizontal scale (x-axis) shows the levels of the second factor (Pack).

An interaction plot shows the impact that changing the settings of one factor has on another factor. Because an interaction can magnify or diminish main effects, evaluating interactions is extremely important.

The plot shows that book orders processed with the new order processing system and packing procedure B took the fewest hours to prepare (about 9 hours). Orders processed with the current order processing system and packing procedure A took the longest to prepare (about 14.5 hours). Because the slope of the line for the new order processing system is steeper, you conclude that the packing procedure has a greater effect when the new order processing system is used versus the current order processing system.

Based on the results of the experiment, you recommend that the Western shipping center use the new order processing system and packing procedure B to

speed up the book shipping process.

Save Project 1 Choose File ÿ Save Project As.

2 Navigate to the folder in which you want to save your files.

3 In File name, enter My_DOE.MPJ.

4 Click Save.

Meet Minitab 5-11

Chapter 5 What's Next

What's Next

The factorial experiment indicates you can decrease the time it takes to prepare orders at the Western shipping center by using the new order processing system and packing procedure B. In the next chapter, you learn how to use command language and create and run Execs to quickly rerun an analysis when new data are collected.

5-12 Meet Minitab

6 Using Session Commands

Objectives In this chapter, you:

[] Enable and type session commands, page 6-2

[] Conduct an analysis using session commands, page 6-3

[] Rerun a series of session commands with Command Line Editor, page 6-5

[] Create and run an Exec, page 6-7

Overview

Each menu command has a corresponding session command. Session commands

consist of a main command and, in most cases, one or more subeommands. Commands are usually easy-to-remember words, such as PLOT, CHART, or SORT. Both main commands and subcommands can be followed by a series of arguments, which can be columns, constants, or matrices, text strings, or numbers.

Session commands can be:

[]

Typed into the Session window or the Command Line Editor.

Copied from the History folder to the Command Line Editor. (When you use menu commands, Minitab generates and stores the corresponding session commands in the History folder.)

Copied and saved in a file called an Exec, which can be reexecuted and shared with others or used in future sessions.

Meet Minitab 6-1

Chapter 6 Enabling and Typing Commands

Use session commands to quickly rerun an analysis in current or future sessions or as an alternative to menu commands. Some users find session commands quicker to use than menu commands once they become familiar with them.

The Western shipping center continuously collects and analyzes shipping time when new data are available. In Chapter 4, Assessing Quality, you conducted a capability analysis on data from March. In this chapter, you conduct a capability analysis on data from April using session commands.

To learn more about session commands, choose Help ÿ Help, then click Session Commands Eÿ under References.

Enabling and Typing Commands One way to use session commands is to directly type the commands and subeommands at the command prompt in the Session window. However, Minitab does not display the command prompt by default. To enter commands directly into the Session window, you must enable this prompt.

Enable session

commands

1 If continuing from the previous chapter, choose File 1,ÿ New, then choose Minitab Project and click OK. Otherwise, just start Minitab.

2 Choose File 1,- Open Worksheet.

3 Click Look in Minitab Sample Data folder, near the bottom of the dialog box.

4 In the Sample Data folder, double-click Meet Minitab, then choose SessionCommands.MTW. Click Open.

5 Click the Session window to make it active.

6 Choose Editor l,ÿ Enable Commands. A check appears next to the menu item.

To change the default options and enable session commands for all future sessions: 1 Choose Tools ÿ Options ÿ Session Window ÿ Submitting Commands. 2 Under Command Language, click Enable.

6-2 Meet Minitab

Enabling and Typing Commands Using Session Commands

Examine Session

window

With the command prompt enabled, you can now type session commands in the

Session window.

Command prompt

-- ÿ/4/2009 7:03:46 PM Welcome to Ninitab, pzess FI fox help,

wrB>l

Conduct an analysis with

session commands

I When you execute a command from a menu and session commands are enabled, the

I corresponding session command appears in the Session window along with your text output.This technique provides a convenient way to learn session commands.

In Chapter 4, Assessing Quality, you conducted a capability analysis to determine whether shipping times were within specifications (less than six delivery days). To perform this analysis, you used Stat ÿ Quality Tools ÿ Capability Analysis Normal. Then, using two different dialog boxes, you entered several variables and

values.

To continue evaluating shipping times at the Western shipping center, you plan to repeat this analysis at regular intervals. When you collect new data, you can re-create this chart using just a few session commands, instead of filling out multiple dialog boxes. Analyze the April shipping data using session commands.

1 In the Session window, at the MTB >prompt, type:

CAPABILITY 'Days' 'Date';

2 Press [Enter].

The semicolon indicates that you want to type a subcommand.

Meet Minitab 6-3

Chapter 6 Enabling and Typing Commands

Notice that the MTB > prompt becomes SUBC>, allowing you to add subeommands for the various options used in the earlier capability analysis.

3/4/2009 "/:19:46 PM

Welcome to Minitab, press F1 for help,

Subcommand prompt

Results for: SessionOommands.MTW

MTB > CAPABILITY 'Days' 'Date'; -- -SUBC> I

v <i I >i !

3 At the SUBC> prompt, type:

USPEC 6;

4 Press [Enter].

5 At the SUBC> prompt, type:

TARGET 3.3 3.

6 Press [Enter].

The period indicates the end of a command

sequence.

Minitab displays the capability analysis for the April shipping data.

Process Capability of Days

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For more information on session commands, including command and subcommand syntax, type Help at the command prompt followed by the first four letters of the command name. For general information on syntax notation, go to Help ÿ Help, then click Session Commands under References. Go to Notation forsession commands in the Session Command Help index.

6-4 Meet Minitab

Rerunning a Series of Commands Using Session Commands

Rerunning a Series of Commands Minitab generates corresponding session commands for most of the menu commands you used, and stores them in the Proiect Manager's History folder. Rather

than repeat all the previous steps of your analysis using the menus, you can simply rerun these commands by selecting them in the History folder and choosing Edit Command Line Editor.

Session commands for the capability analysis you just conducted are stored in the History folder. Use the History folder and the Command Line Editor to re-create the capability analysis.

Open History folder

1 Choose Window ÿ Project Manager.

2 Click the History folder.

History __ folder

The right pane of the Project Manager contains all the session commands generated during a Minitab session. These commands are stored regardless of whether the

command prompt is enabled.

When you select any portion of the session commands in the History folder, those commands automatically appear in the Command Line Editor when you open it.

Reexecute a series of

commands

1 To highlight the capability analysis session commands, click CAPABILITY 'Days' 'Date'; then press [Shift] and click TARGET 3.33.

Meet Minitab 6-5

Chapter 6 Repeating Analyses with Execs

Choose Edit ÿ Command Line Editor.

3 Click Submit Commands. US,oÿC 6;

ARGET 3.33.

Graph window output

ProcessCapabilityof Days

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PPÿ4 TOÿ 1.39 PÿTOÿ 134

You have re-created the capability analysis in just a few simple steps.

If you edit a graph or a control chart, Minitab does not automatically generate session commands for the changes made. However, you can generate the session commands, including all editing changes, by using:

[] Editor ÿ Copy Command Language, which copies the commands to the Clipboard.

[] Editor ÿ Duplicate Graph, which re-creates the graph and stores the session commands in the History folder.

For more information on Copy Command Language and Duplicate Graph, go to Editormenu and choose the Graph window subentry in the Minitab Help index.

Repeating Analyses with Execs An Exec is a text file containing a series of Minitab commands. To repeat an analysis

without using menu commands or typing session commands, save the commands as an Exec and then run the Exec.

6-6 Meet Minitab

Repeating Analyses with Execs Using Session Commands

The commands stored in the History folder that you used to rerun the above series of commands with the Command Line Editor can also be saved as an Exee and

executed at any time.

I For more information about Execs and other more complex macros, choose Help 1ÿ Help, then E@ click Macros under References.

Create an Exec from the History folder

Save the capability analysis session commands as an Exec. You can use this Exec to

continuously analyze the shipping data.

1 Choose Window ),- Project Manager.

2 Click the History folder.

3 To select the capability analysis session commands, click CAPABILITY 'Days' 'Date';, then press [Shift] and click TARGET 3.33.

4 Right-click the selected text and choose Save As.

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5 Navigate to the folder in which you want to save your files.

6 In File name, type ShippingGraphs.

7 In Save as type, choose Exec Files (*.MTB). Click Save.

Reexecute commands

You can repeat this analysis at any time by running the Exec.

1 Choose File ÿ Other Files ÿ Run an Exec.

2 Click Select File.

3 Select the file ShippingGraphs.MTB, then click Open.

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Meet Minitab 6-7

Chapter 6 What's Next

Graph window output

Process CapabilityofDays

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PPt4TOÿ oÿ ÿ4TCÿ 1ÿ

Save project

Minitab executes the commands in the Exec to generate the capability analysis. Because you can run the Exec using any worksheet (as long as the column names match), you can share this file with other Minitab users who need to do the same analysis. For example, the Western shipping center may want to share the capability analysis Exee with the Central and Eastern shipping centers so they can conduct the same analysis on their own shipping data. If you want to use the Exec with a different worksheet or with different column, edit the Exec using a text editor such as Notepad.

Save all of your work in a Minitab project.

1 Choose File ÿ Save Project As.

2 In File name, type My_SessionCommands.MPJ.

3 Click Save.

What's Next You learned how to use session commands as an alternative to menu commands and

as a way to quickly rerun an analysis. In the next chapter, you create a report to show the results of your analysis to your colleagues.

6-8 Meet Minitab

7 Generating a Report

Objectives In this chapter, you:

[] Add a graph to the ReportPad, page 7-2

[] Add Session window output to the ReportPad, page 7-3

m Edit in the ReportPad, page 7-5

[] Save and view a report, page 7-6

[] Copy the ReportPad contents to a word processor, page 7-7

[] Edit a Minitab graph in another application, page 7-7

[] Send output to Microsoft PowerPoint, page 7-10

Overview Minitab has several tools to help you create reports:

[] ReportPad in the Projeet Manager, to whieh you can add Minitab-generated results throughout your sessions

[] Copy to Word Processor, which enables you to easily copy content from the ReportPad to a word processor

[] Embedded Graph Editor, for editing graphs with Minitab after you have copied them to other applications

[] Send To Microsoft Word or PowerPoint, which enables you to send Session window output and graphs directly to Word or PowerPoint

To show your colleagues the shipping data analysis results, you want to prepare a report that ineludes various elements from your Minitab sessions.

Meet Minitab 7-1

Chapter 7 Using the ReportPad

Using the ReportPad Throughout Meet Minitab, you performed several analyses and you want to share the results with colleagues. Minitab's Project Manager contains a folder, called the ReportPad, in which you can create simple reports.

The ReportPad acts as a simple text editor (like Notepad), from which you can quiekly print or save in RTF (rich text) or HTML (Web) format. In ReportPad, you can:

[] Store Minitab results and graphs in a single document

[] Add comments and headings

[] Rearrange your output

[] Change font sizes

[] Print entire output from an analysis

[] CreateWeb-ready reports

Add graph to ReportPad

You can add components to ReportPad by right-clicking on a graph or Session window output, then ehoosing Append to Report. In addition, text and graphs from other applieations can be copied and pasted into Minitab's ReportPad.

Add the histogram with fits and groups you created in Chapter 2, Graphing Data, to the ReportPad.

1 If continuing from the previous chapter, choose File ÿ- New, then choose Minitab Project. Click OK. Otherwise, just start Minitab.

2 Choose File ÿ Open Project.

3 Navigate to C:\Program Files\Minitab\Minitab 16\English\Sample Data\Meet Minitab. (Adjust this if you chose to install Minitab to a location other than the default.)

4 Choose Reports.MPJ. Cliek Open.

5 Choose Window ÿ Histogram of Days.

7-2 Meet Minitab

Using the ReportPad Generating a Report

6 Right-click anywhere in the graph region, then choose Append Graph to Report.

ResuÿstorCentQr=WlitQm

Graph region

Add Session window

output to ReportPad

7 Choose Window ÿ Project Manager.

8 Click the ReportPad folder. The histogram has been added to the ReportPad.

You also can add Session window output to the ReportPad. In Chapter 3, Analyzing Data, you displayed descriptive statistics for the three regional shipping centers. Add the output for the three centers to the ReportPad.

1 Choose Window ÿ Session.

Meet Minitab 7-3

Chapter 7 Using the ReportPad

2 In the Session window, click in the output for Results for Center = Central. Then right-click and choose Append Section to Report. The section of output Minitab appends is delineated by the output titles (which are in bold text).

If you right-click in this area and choose Append Section to I-- Report, the results for-Lthe Central shipping center are added to the ReportPad.

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3 Repeat the steps above for the Results for Center = Eastern and Results for Center = Western.

4 Choose Window ÿ Project Manager, then click the ReportPad folder. Click [] to maximize the window to see more of your report.

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RÿtuRs for CÿnIlr = Wlst.rn

7-4 Meet Minitab

Using the ReportPad Generating a Report

y To add multiple sections of Session window output to the ReportPad:1 Highlight the Session window output. 2 Right-click in the Session window. 3 Choose Append Selected Lines to Report.

Edit in ReportPad

Customize the report by replacing the default title and adding a short comment to the graphical output.

1 Highlight the default title (Minitab Project Report). Type Report on Shipping Data. Press [Enter].

Below Report on Shipping Data, type Histogram of delivery time by center.

Highlight the text Histogram of delivery time by center. Right-click the highlighted text and choose Font.

From Font, choose Axial. From Font

style, choose Regular. From Size, choose 11. From Color, choose

Maroon.

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Click OK.

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Meet Minitab 7-5

Chapter 7 Saving a Report

You now have a simple report that illustrates some of your results. If you save a Minitab project, you can add additional comments and formatting at any time because Minitab saves the ReportPad contents as part of the project.

,aww All graphs and Session window output remain fully editable after they are appended to the ReportPad. To edit a graph in the ReportPad, double-click the graph to activate Minitab's embedded graph editing tools.

Saving a Report You can save the contents of the ReportPad (as well as Session window output and worksheets) either as Rich Text Format (RTF) or Web Page (HTML) so you can open them in other applications.

Save as RTF file

Save your report as an RTF file to send electronically to colleagues or to open in other applications.

In the Project Manager, right-click the ReportPad folder and choose Save Report As.

2 Navigate to the folder in which you want to save your files.

In Save as type, choose Rich Text Format (*.RTF). Click Save.

In File name, type ShiDpingReport.

Report on Shipping Data Histogram of delivery brae by center

Histogram of Days Ncÿrrÿl

Copying a Report to a Word Processor Word processors provide formatting options not available in ReportPad, such as adding callouts to highlight important findings and laying graphs side by side.

Two tools in ReportPad, Move to Word Processor and Copy to Word Processor, enable you to transfer the contents of the ReportPad to your word processor without

copying and pasting:

7-6 Meet Minitab

Using Embedded Graph Editing Tools Generating a Report

[] Move to Word Processor transfers the ReportPad contents to a word processor and

deletes the contents of the ReportPad.

[] Copy to Word Processor transfers the ReportPad contents into a word processor

while leaving the original contents in the ReportPad.

You can also directly add output to Microsoft Word by right-clicking on Session window output or a graph and choosing Send Section To Microsoft Word or Send Graph to Microsoft Word.

Copy report to a word processor

1 In the Project Manager, right-click the ReportPad folder.

2 Choose Copy to Word Processor.

3 In File name, type Shipping Report. You do not need to choose a file type, because Rich Text Format (*.RTF) is the only option available.

4 Click Save.

Minitab automatically opens your default word processor and loads the RTF file you just saved.

You can now edit your Minitab content in the word processor.

Using Embedded Graph Editing Tools When you copy graphs to a word processor or other application, either with copy/ paste or with Copy to Word Processor, you can use the Embedded Graph Editor to access all Minitab's graph editing tools.

Edit Minitab graph in a

word processor

To blend the graph into the report background and create a better visual effect, use the Embedded Graph Editor tools to change the fill pattern, borders, and fill lines of the graph without returning to Minitab.

Meet Minitab 7-7

Chapter 7 Using Embedded Graph Editing Tools

1 In the word processor, double-click the histogram. Notice that you now have several toolbars with editing tools.

Minitab graph editing tools

Report on Shipping Data Histogram of del;very t:me by center

Histogram of Days No(real

Graph-region

The graph is in edit mode; you can double-click a graph item to edit it as you would in Minitab.

2 Double-elick in the graph region of the histogram.

3 Under Fill Pattern, choose Custom.

4 From Type, choose I-W1.

5 Under Borders and Fill Lines, choose Custom.

6 From Type, choose None. Click OK.

7 Click outside of the graph to end edit mode.

7-8 Meet Minitab

Sending Output to Microsoft PowerPoint Generating a Report

Report on Shlpplrig Data Histogram of delivery tÿme by center

Histogram of Days Normal

2 3 4 5 6 7 Day=

Results for Center = Eastern

@ Save project

I For more information about Minitab's Embedded Graph Editor, go to Embedded graph editorin the Minitab Help index.

Save all of your work in a Minitab project.

1 In Minitab, Choose File >- Save Project As.

2 In File name, type My_ReDorts.MPJ.

3 Click Save.

Sending Output to Microsoft PowerPoint You can also create reports or presentations by sending graphs and Session window output directly to Microsoft Word or PowerPoint.

Add the histogram and descriptive statistics results to PowerPoint.

Meet Minitab 7-9

Chapter 7 Sending Output to Microsoft PowerPoint

Send output to

PowerPoint

Choose Window ÿ Histogram of Days.

Right-click anywhere in the graph region, then choose Send Graph to Microsoft PowerPoint. A new PowerPoint file will open with the histogram on the first slide.

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3 In Minitab, choose Window ÿ Session.

4 In the Session window, click in the output for Results for Center = Central. Then right-click and choose Send Section to Microsoft PowerPoint.

5 Repeat step 4 for Results for Center = Eastern and Results for Center = Western.

7-10 Meet Minitab

What's Next Generating a Report

fÿ 2. i

..... 2 '

Results for (;enter = Wesiern

Clldqo ÿId notes

A new Microsoft PowerPoint document contains the histogram and each part of the Session window output on separate slides. You can edit the PowerPoint document to changes titles or font sizes and add text.

To add multiple sections of Session window output to the Word or PowerPoint: 1 Highlight the Session window output. 2 Right-click in the Session window. 3 Choose Send Selected Lines to Microsoft Word or Send Selected Lines to Microsoft

PowerPoint.

] When you send a graph to Word or PowerPoint, Minitab's Embedded Graph Editor is not 'I available.

What's Next In the next chapter, you learn to prepare a Minitab worksheet. You combine data from multiple sources and place them in Minitab. Also, to prepare the data and simplify the analysis, you edit the data and reorganize columns and rows.

Meet Minitab 7-11

Chapter 7 What's Next

7-12 Meet Minitab

8 Preparing a Worksheet

Objectives In this chapter, you:

[] Open a worksheet, page 8-2

[] Merge data from an Excel spreadsheet into a Minitab worksheet, page 8-3

[] Merge data from a text file into a worksheet, page 8-4

[] View worksheet information, page 8-5

[] Replace missing value, page 8-6

[] Stack columns of data, page 8-6

[] Code data, page 8-8

[] Add column names, page 8-8

[] Insert and name a new data column, page 8-9

[] Use the Calculator to assign a formula to a column, page 8-9

Overview In many cases, you use worksheets that were already set up for you, as you have throughout Meet Minitab. Sometimes, however, you must combine data from different sources and place them in a Minitab worksheet before beginning an analysis. Minitab can use data from:

[] Previously saved Minitab worksheet files

[] Text files

Meet Minitab 8-1

Chapter 8 Getting Data from Different Sources

m Microsoft Excel documents

To place these data in Minitab, you can:

[] Type directly into Minitab

[] Copy and paste from other applications

[] Open from a variety of file types, including Excel or text files

After your data are in Minitab, you may need to edit cells and reorganize columns and rows to get the data ready for analysis. Common manipulations include stacking,

subsetting, specifying column names, and editing data values.

This chapter shows how to place data from different sources into Minitab and how ShippingData.MTW, used in chapters 2 and 3, was prepared for analysis.

Open a worksheet

Getting Data from Different Sources For the initial Meet Minitab analyses, the worksheet ShippingData.MTW, which contains data from three shipping centers, was already set up. However, the three shipping centers originally stored the book order data in different ways:

[] Eastern--in a Minitab worksheet

[] Central--in a Microsoft Excel file

[] Western--in a text file

To analyze all the book order data, you must combine the data from all three shipping centers into a single Minitab worksheet.

Begin with data from the Eastern shipping center, which are stored in a Minitab worksheet called Eastern.MTW.

1 If continuing from the previous chapter, choose File ÿ- New, then choose Minitab Project and click OK. Otherwise, just start Minitab.

2 Choose File 1,- Open Worksheet.

3 Click Look in Minitab Sample Data folder, near the bottom of the dialog box.

4 In the Sample Data folder, double-click Meet Minitab, then choose Eastern.MTW. Click Open.

i Minitab can open a variety of file types. ,no see the file types, click Files of type in the Open Worksheet dialog box.

8-2 Meet Minitab

Getting Data from Different Sources Preparing a Worksheet

Merge data from Excel

The Central shipping center stored data in an Excel spreadsheet.

To combine the Central book order data with the Eastern data, merge the data in the Excel spreadsheet with the data in the current Minitab worksheet.

1 Choose File ÿ Open Worksheet. ÿ, : ÿ,oÿ,ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ.

2 From Hles of type, choose Excel (* .xls; *.xlsx).

3 Choose Central.XLS.

4 Choose Merge.

5 Click Open.

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Examine worksheet

Choosing Merge adds the Excel data to your current worksheet. Minitab places the data in cells to the right of the current worksheet data in columns C5-C8. If you had not chosen Merge, Minitab would have placed the data in a separate worksheet.

Original data Merged data

1 3/312009 8:34 317ÿ 15:21 iOn tim0 2 ÿ3.,3f2009 8:35 3/6.,-z039 17:05 On time 3 ÿ B:38 * Back omJer, 4 13ÿ8:40 3/7f2009 15:52 Oatime 5 !3/312009 8:42 3F3.r2009 14:48 Late 6 ÿ 8:43 3ÿf2089 15:45 On time 7 ;3f3,QO09 8:50 317/2009 10:02 'On time 8 3,'3/2009 8:55 3,9,'2009 16:30 On time 9 i313/2009 8:58 3/af2009 10:32 On time 10 13f3f20099;11 317/20ÿ 16:02 Ontime

255 ÿ 8:48 AM 3/5/2009 4:5ÿ PM On time 198:3.,3/20ÿ 8:52 AM ÿ 3:12 PM On time 299 ÿ'gY2£ÿ8:KSAM 3/H20093:IOpM OntJme 205 3/3/2009 8:88 AM' ÿ 2.59 PM On time

9.04 AM 3.,W2009 10:12 AM On time 93 3f3f20099.O6AM 3tg/28D94:13PM Late

189 3/3/2009 9:ÿ AM 3/af200ÿ 11:17 AM On time 335 3ÿ 9.89 AM 3/SfdtXÿ I0:14 AM On time 211 3ÿ9:11 AM 3iÿf20093:46PM Ontime 254 3/3/2009 9:14 AM 3/6/'2009 3:17 PM On time

-o i C3.T ÿ i Cÿ.8 i C6-D ] cT.T ; c8 l e Arrival i Staius iDistanceÿ, Order 1 '; Ardval I i Status 1 Distance iJ- - , - , -

307 34O 327 81

235 259 320 228 312 184 y

I Minitab also provides a Merge Worksheets menu command that provides additional options to

merge two or more open worksheets. For more information on Merge, go to Merge worksheets in the Minitab Help index.

Meet Minitab 8-3

Chapter 8 Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis

Merge data from a text

file

The Western shipping center stored data in a simple text file that you can open using Notepad or WordPad. To combine the Western book order data with the Eastern and Central data, merge the data in the text file with the data in the current Minitab worksheet.

1 Choose File ÿ Open Worksheet

2 From Files of type, choose Text (*.txt).

3 Choose Western.TXT.

4 Choose Merge.

5 Click Open.

Examine worksheet

Choosing Merge adds the data from the text file to the current worksheet. Minitah places the data in cells to the right of the current worksheet data in columns C9-C 12. If you had not chosen Merge, Minitab would have placed the data in a separate worksheet,

Origina! data Merged data

3 ;3t3.t2309 8:55 AM 3,'?f2029 3:10 PM On time 4 !3/3ÿ8:58AM: 3fTrz, xÿ2.59PM Ontime 8 i3/3f2029 9:04 AM :3ÿ.t2029 I0:12 AM On time 6 !3!3F20299.02AM: 3/5ÿ4:13PM Late 7 ]3/3/2029 9.02 AM ÿ 11:17 AMiOn time 8 ]3/3./'2059 9.09 AM 3/5F2309 10:I4 AM =On time 9 !3/3.,'20099:11 AM 3ÿf20293:46PMiOntime t0 !3/3/2009 9:I4 AM 3,ÿ"2ÿ09 3:17 PM On time

327 3ÿ 8:42 =3.ÿ201ÿ9 17:30 On time 227 81 3.rar2029 8:45 3/4ÿ 15:45 On time 303

205 3ÿ 8:47 3f(ÿ 17:02 On time 95 259 3ÿ 9.02 3Fÿf2D02 16:35 iOn time 302 328 3/3ÿ 9.04 '3/7/2009 I1:02 iOn time 94 226 ÿ 9.05,3Y5/2ÿ 16:57 ,On time 281 312 3/3F2009 9:05:3ÿ 18:,t0 :On time 284 184 =3/3F2009 9:22 3/6/2009 17:25 On time 350

Before opening a text file in Minitab, you can see what the data will look like in the worksheet by choosing Preview in the Open Worksheet dialog box.

I ot all text files are in a format that can be easily imported. Minitab provides several tools for interpreting text file formats. For more information, go to Text files in the Minitab Help index.

Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis With the data in a single worksheet, you are almost read}, to begin the analysis. However, you must modify the worksheet by:

[] Replacing a missing value

[] Stacking data

[] Replacing data

8-4 Meet Minitab

Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis Preparing a Worksheet

[] Adding column names

[] Adding a new column

[] Creating a column of calculated values

For a complete list of data manipulations available in Minitab, go to Data menu in the Minitab Help index.

Show worksheet

information

To view a summary of your worksheet columns, use [] on the Project Manager toolbar. This button will open the Project Manager's Columns subfolder in the Worksheets folder. This summary is especially useful in identifying unequal column lengths or columns that contain missing values.

1 Click [] on the Project Manager toolbar or press [Ctrl]+[Mt]+[I].

Order_! C5 105 0 D Arrival I C6 105 6 D Status 1 C7 105 0 T Dlstance_l C8 105 0 N Order_2 C9 105 0 D Arrival_2 CIO 104 2 D Status 2 CII 105 0 T Distance 2 C12 105 0 N

IIÿ ÿ ?

The Columns subfolder contains details on the current worksheet. Within each center, the count should be the same for all columns. Notice that the counts for the Eastern data (C1-C4) are 109 for all columns, and the counts for the Central data (C5-C8) are 105 for all columns. However, for the Western center, C10 has a count of 104 unlike the other columns, which have a count of 105.

2 Click [] again to return to your previous view.

I or more information on the Project Manager toolbar, go to Project Manager Toolbar in the Minitab Help index.

Meet Minitab 8-5

Chapter 8 Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis

Examine worksheet

Examine C10 to see what value is missing. Notice that the last row of the column is empty. When

you copy and paste data from a text or Excel file into a worksheet, Minitab interprets empty numeric or data/time cells as missing values, which appear as asterisks (*) by default. However, if the last row of a column of data in a text file contains an empty cell, Minitab

a, 1 ÿ I ÿ-D CI0-D C11-T ] (212 [ÿ i l)istance i[ Order 2 .Arrival 2 ÿl Status 2 ]Distance 2J "'i -- = v- ........ = -

97 I 261 3/3/2009 16:08:3/6/2009 11:56ÿ0n time 2861 g8 I

loll 1oZ 103 lO4 io5I i06r

221:3/3/2009 274 ÿ373/2099 182 ;373/2009 182 ;37312009 191 313/2009 9813/3/2009

346=3/3/2009 32:3/3/2009

16:10 3/9/20098:30!0n time 217 16:I2i 3t5/2009 8:21 On time 285= 16:16 i3/8/2009 10:05 On time 1991 16:18 3/5/2009 10:12 iOn time 324 16:20 3/5/2009 9:20 iOn time 228 16:26i3/6/2009 11:34 On time 278 16:321 3/7/2009 9:57 On time 4731 16:39,/ iBack order 279

Z '' ! v /

Empty cell

leaves the cell empty when you paste the data into the worksheet, as you can see in column C10.

Replace missing value

For Minitab to perform the correct analysis, you must type the missing value symbol in the empty eell of the last row.

1 Click the Data window to make it active, then choose Editor ÿ Go To ....

2 In Enter column number or name, type CIO.

3 In Enter row number, type 105. Click OK.

4 In row 105 of column C10, type an asterisk (*). Press [Enter].

Stack data Now that the data are assembled in a single Minitab worksheet, notice the similar variables for each shipping center. Some Minitab commands allow data from different groups to remain unstacked in separate columns. Others require groups to be stacked, with a column of group levels. However, all analyses can be performed with stacked data.

To analyze the data, you need to rearrange these variables into stacked columns. You can move data within the worksheet by copying and pasting or use Data menu items to rearrange blocks of data.

8-6 Meet Minitab

Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis Preparing a Worksheet

Choose Data ÿ Stack ÿ Blocks of Columns.

From the list of variables, highlight Order, Arrival, Status, and Distance. Click Select to move the variables into the first row of Stack two or more blocks of columns on top of each other. Move to the next row.

Examine worksheet

Repeat step 2 for the order, arrival, status, and distance columns for the

Central and Western shipping centers.

Under Store stacked data in, choose

New worksheet. In Name, type

My_ShippingData.

eÿck two ÿ reÿe ÿ of cc6ÿ cÿ tÿ of e.ÿdn cthÿ: lÿdet4Nstÿce

[ F [ f I- 5tÿe stÿ data tÿ:

Use ÿ.ÿbÿ nar0ÿ In subÿpt €okra

Check Use variable names in subscript column.

Click OK.

The variables for the shipping centers are all in the same columns, with Order (Eastern center), Order_l (Central center), and Order_2 (Western center) acting as labels or subscripts to indicate from which shipping center the data originated.

Subscripts column

Data entry arrow

1 IOrder 2 IOrder 3 Order 4 !Order 5 ]Order 8 IOrder 7 /Order 8 IOrder 9IOrder lfl iOrder

< , i

3/3/2009 8:34 3/7/2009 15:21 ÿOn time 13/3/2009 8:35 3/6,'2009 17:05 ion time 13/3/2089 8:38, *Back order 3/3/2889 B:4013/7/213139 15:52 jO n time 13/3/2809 8:4213/9/2Q89 14:48 Late 3/3/2009 8:43 3/8/2009 1ÿ5:4510n time :3/3/2009 8:50 !3/7/2809 10:02 iOn time i3/3/2009 8:55 3/8/2009 18:30ÿ0n time 3/3/2009 8:58 ÿ3/8/2009 10:32 :On time :3/3/2089 9:11 3/7/2889 113:02 On time

255,

198 299 205 250 93

189 335 211 254

Meet Minitab 8-7

Chapter 8 Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis

Code data The labels in the Subscripts column do not adequately indicate which center the data are from. Code the labels with more meaningful names.

1 Choose Data ÿ Code ÿ Text to Text.

In Code data from columns, enter

Subscripts.

In Store coded data in columns,

enter Subscripts.

In the first row under Original values, type Order. In the first row under New, type Eastern.

In the second row under Original values, type Order1. In the second row under New, type Central.

C_odÿ data hÿ coÿmrÿ:

I F ------- I [- --

j ÿ r- - I r-- I [ .....

6 In the third row under Original values, type Order_2. In the third row under New, type Western.

7 Click OK.

The shipping center labels in the subscripts column are now Eastern, Central, and Western.

Add column names

Add column names to the stacked data.

1 Click the data entry arrow in the upper left corner of the Data window to make it point to the right.

2 Click in the name cell of Cl. To replace the label Subscripts, type Center, then press [Enter].

3 Repeat for the rest of the names:

m In C2, type Order.

i In C3, type Arrival.

! In C4, type Status.

u In C5, type Distance,

Calculate difference

values

Before saving your new worksheet and performing analyses, you need to calculate the number of days that elapsed between order and delivery dates. You can use Minitab's Calculator to assign a formula to a column that calculates these values. If you change or add data, the calculated values will update automatically.

8-8 Meet Minitab

Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis Preparing a Worksheet

Insert and name a column

Insert a column named Days between Arrival and Status.

1 Click any cell in C4 to make it active.

2 Right-click and choose Insert Columns.

3 Click in the name cell of C4. Type Days, then press [Enter].

Use Calculator to assign a formula to a column

Use Minitab's Calculator to perform basic arithmetic or mathematical functions. Minitab stores the results in a column or constant. You can assign the formula to the column so the calculated values update automatically if the data change.

Compute the delivery time and store the values in the Days column.

Choose Cole 1,ÿ Calculator.1

2 In Store result in variable, enter Days.

3 In Expression, enter Arrival- Order.

4 Check Assign as a formula.

5 Click OK.

Examine worksheet

I or more information on formulas in columns, go to Formulas in the Minitab Help index. For

more information on Minitab's Calculator and the available operations and functions, go to Calculator in the Minitab Help index.

You can also add a formula to a column by selecting the column and choosing Editor Formulas ÿ Assign Formula To Column.

The Days column contains the newly calculated values that represent delivery time. These values are expressed in numbers of days. When you assign a formula to a column, an indicator appears in the upper right corner of the column heading on the worksheet. This indicator tells you whether the formula is properly defined and

Meet Minitab 8-9

Chapter 8 Preparing the Worksheet for Analysis

whether the data need to be updated by re-calculating the values. The green plus sign [] indicates the data are up-to-date.

Status indicator

* I C1-T [ Center

_ ]Eastern

IEastern Eastern

Eastern

6 Eastern 7 Eastern

Eastern

9 Eastern

10 Eastern

I c2-o ! o-o c -T J F °'der i Aÿ.!v,, _ E o.ÿ I st.t.. Imÿ..ce :3/3/2009 8:34 !3/7/2009 15:211 4.282641On time i 255 i3/3/2009 8:35 3/6/2009 17:0 ÿ, 3.35417;On time 1961 '3/3/2009 8:38 i 5. *iBack order 2991 3/3/2009 8:40 i3/7/2009 15:52 4.30000 !On time 205'

250 93

189 335 211 254'

3.r3/2009 8:42 i3/9/2009 14:48'ÿ 8.25417 !Late 13/3/2009 8:4313,,'8/2009 15:45 5.29308iOn time i3/3/2009 8:50 i3/7/2009 10:02 4,05800 ion time i3/3/2009 8:5513/8/2009 18:30ÿ, 5.31597 ion time ;3/3/2009 8:58 i3/8/2009 10:32 ; 5,06528 iOn time i3/3/2009 9:11 i3/7/2009 16:02 i 4,285421On time

Examine worksheet

Update worksheet

;v >ix

I lace your cursor over the status indicator to view the formula assigned to the column. Double-click the status indicator to edit the formula.

Suppose you learn that the arrival date for a shipment in the Central shipping center is incorrect. You can correct the date in the worksheet and Minitab will automatically update the Days column.

Update the arrival date in row 127 from 3/6/2009 to 3/7/2009.

1 In row 127 of the worksheet, edit the day in the date in the Arrival column by double-clicking the cell to put it in edit mode. Change 3/6/2009 to 3/7/2009.

2 Press [Enter].

Minitab automatically updates the value in the Days column from 2.98125 to 3.98125.

Original worksheet Updated worksheet \ \

i Centerl Order [ Arrival Bays i Status 124 iCentral 3/gf20099:34'3ÿ/2OO9i&09 5.2743110n time 125 !Central 3/3/2009 9:34 3/8/2009 19:47 5.05ÿo9 On time 126 iCentral 3/9ÿ9:41 3/9/200917:13 6.31389 Late 121 !Central 3/9/20099:44 3ÿ!9ÿ99;17ÿOntlme 128 iCentral 3/9ÿ 9:41 3/7/2009 16:08 4/2ÿ458 ÿOn time 129 iCentral 3/3f2009 9.57 3F3f2009 15"59 2.25139 On time ..

; Center! Order [ Arrival ! Days , Status ! 124 ICentra] 3,'3/'2009 9:34 3!8/'2009 16:09 5.27431 On time 125 jCentral 3/3/20099:34 318/2009 10:47 5.ÿ Ontime 126 !Central 3f3f2ÿ9 9:41 3/9f28ÿ 17:13 &31389 Late 121 iCentral 3/3,,2009 9:44 3/7f2009 9:17ÿ------ÿ0n time 128 'Central 3/3/'2009 9A7 3/7/23Iÿ 16:08 4.2458 On time 1Z9 ÿCeatral 3/3/2009 9:57 3ÿ5ÿ 15:59 2.25139 On time v

You can also choose to update the calculated values manually. First, choose Editor ÿ Formulas - Calculate All Formulas Automatically to uncheck this option. When the status indicator is

yellow, indicating formulas are out of date, you can choose Editor ÿ Formulas ÿ Calculate All Formulas Now to update all formulas in the project. This command is active only if formulas are out of date and Calculate All Formulas Automatically is not checked in the Editor menu.

( 8-10 Meet Minitab

What's Next Preparing a Worksheet

Save worksheet

Save all of your work in a Minitab worksheet.

Choose File ÿ Save Current Worksheet As.

Navigate to the folder in which you want to save your files.

In File name, type My_ShippingData.

From Save as type, choose Minitab.

Click Save.

Saÿiÿ [td ÿtoÿtNk4tab

t.lÿ Recent Dÿurrÿtÿ

DÿAÿp

My Docuÿs

MyNÿ:k Savoaÿg,ÿ IMraab -ÿ ÿd _ Pÿs

DeK/iNiÿa.,

What's Next The shipping center data from several sources are in Minitab and are set up properly for analysis. In the next chapter, you adjust the Minitab defaults to expedite future shipping data analyses.

Meet Minitab 8-11

Chapter 8 What's Next

8-12 Meet Minitab

9 Customizing Minitab

Objectives In this chapter, you:

[] Change default options for graphs, page 9-2

! Create a new toolbar, page 9-3

[] Add commands to a custom toolbar, page 9-4

[] Assign shortcut keys for a menu command, page 9-ÿ

u Restore your Minitab default settings using Manage Profiles, page 9-7

Overview Minitab has several tools for changing default options or ereating custom tools such as individualized toolbars or keyboard shortcuts.

Use Tools ÿ Options to change defaults for:

B Program settings (memory usage, initial directory, window layout, and dialog box)

[] Data and Session windows

[] Statistical commands

[] Graphs

Use Tools ÿ Customize to:

[] Assign a shortcut key to a menu item

[] Set options for how Minitab displays tooibars

[] Create custom icons for menu items or toolbar buttons

Now that you have completed your first book shipment analysis and generated a report, you decide to use Tools ÿ- Options and Tools ÿ- Customize to tailor the Minitab environment to make future analyses quicker and easier.

Meet Minitab 9-1

Chapter 9 Setting Options

Setting Options You can change many options during a Minitab session, such as changing graph display settings or enabling the session command prompt. However, when you exit Minitab, these options revert back to the defaults for future Minitab sessions.

If you want a setting to be your default for all Minitab sessions, use Tools ÿ Options. Settings that you change remain active until you change them again.

Because you are planning to do similar analyses on the shipping data during the next few months, you want to change your default preferences.

.... ,ÿ J If you change options, you can restore Minitab's default settings at any time. For more information, see Restoring Minitab's Default Settings on page 9-6.

Add automatic footnote

Because you will create the same graphs with similar data in the future, you need a way to distinguish the results of each analysis. You decide to add an automatic footnote to your graphs to include the worksheet name, last modification date, and some information on the data used.

1 If continuing from the previous chapter, choose File ÿ New, then choose Minitab Project and click OK. Otherwise, just start Minitab.

Choose File ÿ Open Worksheet.

Click Look in Minitab Sample Data folder, near the bottom of the dialog box.

In the Sample Data folder, double-click Meet Minitab, then choose ShippingData.MTW. Click Open.

Choose Tools Options ÿ Graphics

Annotation ÿ My Footnote.

Under Information to include in my footnote, check Worksheet name and

Date the graph was last modified.

In Custom text, type Shipping center efficiency. Click OK.

? ReCÿas + Frame ELÿs + Data ÿ¢ÿ

Data ÿ Wth Ca ¢ÿ.ÿs - aanot €:lon

s 5utÿdes FoOÿes

Lÿ aÿars

Text Data Label Aÿtributes Daÿa Label Font LeOÿ'd attra:utes teOÿad ÿ=orÿ T-=bÿ attraÿes Tÿ Font

1- OoJÿt nanÿe

[" Iÿ the ÿ-ÿOh ÿaÿ last rÿffÿd

C tÿtom textt [ÿ cerÿer effiderÿ

With these settings, every time you create a graph, Minitab adds the automatic footnote.

9-2 Meet Minitab

Creating a Custom Toolbar Customizing Minitab

Create a histogram to

view footnote

To see an example of the automatic footnote, create a histogram.

1 Choose Graph )- Histogram.

2 Choose With Fit and Groups, then click OK.

3 In Graph variables, enter Days.

4 In Categorical variables for grouping (0-3), enter Center.

5 Click OK.

Histogram of Days Normal

0.4

0,3

0.2

0.1

Automatic footnote

0,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Days Worksheet: ShtpplngData.NTW; 3/4/2009; Shipping tenor eÿclency

Create a toolbar

Creating a Custom Toolbar In addition to saving time by changing the default options settings for individual commands, you also can save time in future Minitab sessions by using Tools Customize.

Use Customize to create new menus and toolbars that contain only the commands

you choose to add, and to assign keyboard shortcuts to commands that you access frequently.

During some analyses, you return to the same menu items many times. Combining these items on a single custom toolbar can simplify future analysis.

Create a custom toolbar that includes some of the commands used in the shipping center analysis.

Meet Minitab 9-3

Chapter 9 Creating a Custom Toolbar

1 Choose Tools ÿ Customize.

2 Click the Toolbars tab.

3 Click New.

4 In Toolbar Name, type Shipping Data. Click OK.

Factorbt tÿ

A new blank toolbar labeled Shipping Data appears under Toolbars, and the new toolbar name appears in the toolbar list.

Blank toolbar

New toolbar name

cÿ ................... J

_ Prolect Managat

I/ ÿ Sta,ÿdaÿd L2dÿ I BTÿDÿ

Worbheet

F _shÿ text lab,s

Add commands to

the toolbar

Add commands to the blank toolbar. In the shipping center analysis, you used Graph Histogram and Graph ÿ Scatterplot, so you want to add these commands to a

toolbar.

Click and drag the blank toolbar off the Customize dialog box.

9-4 Meet Minitab

Assigning Shortcut Keys Customizing Minitab

Click the Commands tab.

Under Categories, choose Graph.

Under Commands, choose Histogram.

Under Categories is a list of all Minitab menus. When you select one of these menus, a list of corresponding menu items appears under Commands.

Click and drag Histogram to the new toolbar.

Under Commands, choose Scatterplot.

Click and drag Scatterplot to the new toolbar.

Click Close.

Histogram Scatterplot

You ean add any number of commands until you have a custom toolbar that includes

all your frequently used commands, To access the new toolbar items quickly from the keyboard, assign keyboard shortcuts.

Eÿ ] You also can create a custom menu. For more information on Tools ÿ Customize, go toI Customize in the Minitab Help index.

Assign a shortcut key

Assigning Shortcut Keys Minitab already contains many shortcut keys for frequently used functions such as Copy ([Ctrl]+[C]), Paste ([Ctrl]+[V]), and Save As ([Ctrl]+[S]). Shortcut keys enable you to quickly bypass the menus and open dialog boxes.

To assign shortcut keys, use Tools ÿ Customize ÿ Keyboard.

Because you often create histograms for your shipping data analysis, you want to assign a shortcut key for this command.

Meet Minitab 9-5

Chapter 9 Restoring Minitab's Default Settings

Choose Tools ÿ Customize.

Click the Keyboard tab.

From Category, choose Graph.

Category provides a list of all Minitab menus. When you select one of these

menus, a list of corresponding menu items appears under Commands.

cÿnÿeÿmdÿ: cÿrent Keys:

alClX:,../ " I

Ness ÿew 5hÿtoÿ Key:

Under Commands, choose Histogram.

Press [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[H].

Under Press New Shortcut Key, the Assigned to text displays the current status of the selected key combination. In this case, the text reads

[Unassigned]. Keys or key combinations that are already assigned to a command are indicated here. Any existing combination that conflicts with your choice must be removed from its command before it can be assigned to a new command.

Click in Press New Shortcut Key.

aÿ Fÿoÿanÿ

[Iÿlealcÿ.,,ÿxdÿt"" .... ÿ: 1"

I ctd+51fft+H

aed toÿ

praw hlsteqÿnÿ

7 Click Assign, The new shortcut key appears under Current Keys.

8 Click Close.

You can now access the Histogram gallery by pressing [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[H].

@ [ For a list of Minitab's default shortcut keys, choose Help ÿ Keyboard Map or go to ShortcutI keys in the Minitab Help index.

Restoring Minitab's Default Settings Any settings you change using Tools 1,- Options and Tools ÿ Customize, as well as any changes you have made to date/time data settings or value order settings, are stored in a profile. You can activate and deactivate this profile (and remove all these settings) using Tools ÿ- Manage Profiles. You also can export and share this profile with other users who are doing a similar analysis.

All settings that you have adjusted while working through Meet Minitah are already stored in your active profile. Deactivate the current profile to restore Minitab's

9-6 Meet Minitab

What's Next Customizing Minitab

default settings and change the name of the profile to use for future shipping center analyses.

@ For more information on managing profiles, go to Manage Profiles in the Minitab Help index.

Restore defaults

1 Choose Tools ÿ Manage Profiles.

2 Click _5_] to move MyProfile from Active profiles to Available profiles.

3 Double-click MyProfiIe in Available profiles, then type ShippingCenterAnalysis.

4 Click OK.

The default settings are now restored. Minitab creates a new active profile to store any changes you make after this point.

To activate the settings you adjusted during your Meet Minitab sessions, move the current active profile to Available profiles, move ShippingCenterAnalysis to Active profiles, then click OK.

You also can reset Minitab's defaults by double-clicking the shortcut named Restore Minitab Defaults English located in the Engtish folder under the main Minitab 1 6 folder installed on your hard drive. Export any profiles you want to keep before running this program.

Save project Save all of your work in a Minitab project.

1 Choose File ÿ,- Save Project As.

2 Navigate to the folder in which you want to save your files.

3 In File name, type My_Customize.MPJ.

4 Click Save.

What's Next

Your analysis is complete, but what do you do if you have questions or want more information about a topic? The next chapter suggests ways to get answers to your Minitab questions and provides details about how to use Minitab Help and StatGuide.

Meet Minitab 9-7

Chapter 9 What's Next

9-8 Meet Minitab

10 Getting Help

Objectives In this chapter, you:

m Get answers and find information, page 10-2

i Use Minitab Help, page 10-6

m Use Minitab StatGuide, page 10-8

[] Use Session Command Help, page 10-10

Overview If you find yourself with unanswered questions or discover that you need more details about a topic, Minitab can help.

From assistance with completing a dialog box, to guidance for statistical interpretations, to instructions for using session commands in your analysis, Minitab's easy-to-use online documentation and Internet resources can help you find the answers you need.

This chapter discusses using Help, StatGuide, and Session Command Help to explore Minitab and suggests ways to find answers to your Minitab questions.

Meet Minitab 10-1

Chapter 10 Getting Answers and Information

Getting Answers and Information Meet Minitab focused on only a few of Minitab's commonly used features. For details about other commands, functions, and statistical concepts, explore Minitab's documentation and online resources.

Resource

Help

Description Access

Documentation on Minitab m Click Help in any dialog box. features and concepts. = Click [] on the toolbar. Includes information on:

m Press [F1] at any time. [] Menus and dialog boxes

[] Choose Help ÿ Help. [] Methods and formulas

See Help on page 10-6 for more [] Session commands information.

[] Macros

Using General information on Choose Help ÿ Help, then click Help navigating Minitab Help. Using Help under Basics,

StatGuide Statistical guidance that [] Right-click in the Session window focuses on interpretation of or a Graph window, then choose sample results. StatGuide.

[] Right-click in the Session or Graph folder of the Project Manager, then choose StatGuide.

[] Click ÿ on the toolbar.

m Press [Shift]+[F1]. m Choose Help ÿ StatGuide.

See StatGuide on page 10-8 for more information.

Minitab Statistical Glossary

This comprehensive glossary covers all areas of Minitab statistics. Each definition contains practical, easy-to-understand information.

Choose Help ÿ Glossary.

Tutorials Tutorials show you how to use different analyses in your own Minitab sessions, and include easy-to-understand data requirements and step-by-step examples.

Choose Help ÿ Tutorials.

10-2 Meet Minitab

Getting Answers and Information Getting Help

Resource Description Access

Session [] Choose Help ÿ Help, then click Command Session Commands under Help References.

[] At the MTB > prompt in the Session window, type HELP.

[] To access information on a specific session command, at the MTB > prompt in the Session window, type HELP followed by a command.

Documentation on Minitab session commands, which you can use interactively or to create a macro.

Macros Help

See Session Command Help on page 10-10 for more information.

Support for writing and Choose Help ÿ Help, then click executing Minitab macros, Macros under References. with commands stored in text files.

What's Information about new Go to www.minitab.com, New features in Minitab 16.

ReadMe Late-breaking information on Go to www.minitab.com. this release of Minitab, including details on changes to the software or documentation.

Please send comments about Minitab's online and print documentation to

[email protected].

Meet Minitab 10-3

Chapter 10 Minitab Help Overview

Minitab Help Overview The components of Minitab's online documentation--as well as other related

information--are summarized on a single page. From this page, you can proceed to detailed assistance, instructions, and support topics. This overview organizes links to Help topics according to Minitab's menu structure.

Finding information

To display the overview page:

[] Choose Help ÿ Help.

[] Press IF1].

m Click [ÿ] on the Standard toolbar.

The links provided under the headings shown below make finding information quick and easy:

m Basics--how to use Help, guidelines and tutorials for getting started with Minitab, and descriptions of Minitab windows

m References--examples of commands, glossary of terms and abbreviations, instructions for using session commands and macros, and the methods and formulas used by Minitab

[] Service and Support--how to register Minitab, ways to communicate with Technical Support, and descriptions of Minitab's documentation, Interact resources, and other products

10-4 Meet Minitab

Minitab Help Overview Getting Help

Y Minitab Help /

Basics ,ÿ :3ÿe P,ÿeÿ

intro to tAinÿtab ÿ + Open end save r,ÿs

Tubrmb i+ Print flies

Use these links to access basic facts, reference material, and service 'and support information.

&tmÿab Windows + And more...

Ediÿ Pÿenu

+ Undo and redo actions

Cut, copy, end paste !+ And m0re...

Caÿc P,ÿenÿ Star ÿ,ÿenÿ :

i+ CsleuSatestatlstics i RegresstonandAUOVA i:+ Seatterptots

+ Generatedatafrorna i.+ Controlchartsandquaf,,tyl;+ Barcharts distribution ÿ tools i, Andmore...

,* Andmore... ,ÿ* Andmore... i,

Editor ÿ.enu i [* Graph, Data, and [ Session window

' [ edtdng Ser-Jice arÿ Support i

[+ l,t Odify active v,'mdo v,' Documentatmn

[+ And more... t+thqÿab orÿ the Web

Other Preductÿ

op_9_ÿ i, Searchabÿ Help User Reqÿtratÿ + StatGuÿle add more...

Sessbn Corr.m,B n dÿ

I,ÿinffab Autemaÿioq

References

hlacreÿ

/ Data P,ÿen_____._uu /

* Subset and merge worksheÿs

o StaCk ¢obmna

And more...

ChangelAinÿab defauRs ', .+ Arrange v,,indov,,s

* Create and modify * Select active window toobars and menus • And more...

• And more...

Click a menu link /to view Help topics

for all commands on that menu.

Eÿ I For more information about the Minitab Help environment, choose Help ÿ Help, then clickI Using Help under Basics.

Meet Minitab 10-5

Chapter 10 Help

Help Minitab Help is a comprehensive, convenient source of information that includes

menu and dialog box instructions, overviews, examples, guidance for setting up your data, and methods and formulas. You can explore Minitab's statistical features and discover new methods for routine tasks. Help also provides guidance on using Minitab's statistics, quality control, reliability and survival analysis, and design of experiments tools.

Additionally, in Help, you can learn about the Minitab environment; using session commands; writing macros and Execs; Minitah's input, output, and data

manipulation capabilities; and working with data and graphs.

Finding information

Most Help topics appear in a window that consists of three areas:

= Toolbar--contains buttons for hiding and showing the navigation pane, returning to a previous topic, printing one or more topics, and tools for working within the Help environment

= Navigation pane--provides three tabs for exploring the table of contents and index, and searching for words or phrases

[] Topic pane--displays the selected Help topic

Toolbar Topic pane

Navigation pane = Contents--Click ahy.

folder or topic for more information.

[] Index--Search the index for a term, or scroll through the list.

,ÿ Search--Search the Help for specific words or phrases.

Hide Back , ,ÿ Pÿ 0ÿ

,ÿ ÿ Operÿ Save. and PrÿR F/es

t- !,L1 stations . ÿ Ba${oSta6si6cÿ

l sÿ

Lÿ Data requÿements Lÿ Exan'4ÿe, ÿ legreÿ

To peÿfctm • Iaear teg Refetenceÿ

÷: ÿ DiÿpÿGraphÿ

+ ÿ Reÿ + ! GeaeraÿFleÿeÿskÿl • Stepÿe Rÿesÿn

+ Fÿted Liÿ pÿ,

+ OiLI'ÿgor N Reÿeiÿ +; PaÿLeaÿtSÿesÿPLSÿl

+ Nÿr;rÿl Le;;ÿ6o R eÿ e ÿ

Regression

St=t> Regression> Regression Yoÿ cÿn use ReQressÿ to perfoÿ sÿPÿ lad rrÿ ÿ USÿg

srÿ Use thIÿ procedure for fÿtrngpeneraiÿ ÿodÿ, $tonag rÿgressk)n slatÿtÿs, exÿg ÿnÿ cÿ, generatng poÿt estÿ=tet, . and

If you want to fÿ a £ÿ_. ÿ2ÿ wÿh a sÿg'ÿ ÿ.gZ, you nay fÿRI ÿ ÿpÿr to use r.ÿ*ÿ Lnÿ Pÿ;. Ifyotl hÿve €ÿIeÿOrÿCSl prediCXorÿ, U= e Gÿ ,eÿ .ÿ ÿ,, which doÿ not requ% yoe to creÿe ÿ,,dÿ arÿL ÿ:ÿcÿ'ÿ s, It ÿ aÿo e as ÿr to fÿ poÿnonÿal modeÿ ÿnd rrÿdeÿ wÿh ÿlteraÿoo S wÿh Oenÿral Repressÿn

cauÿe you do not need to create new coÿ s in tÿe worksheet Dlafog box items Reÿponÿe: Select the €oÿunÿ €ont,ÿli,lg the Y, or ÿLÿ_ÿ predictors; Senti ÿe coluÿl(ÿ) cont=tnÿnp the X, oÿ pÿ2ÿ -ÿo r wÿ

.ÿ

10-6 Meet Minitab

Help Getting Help

Command- specific

information

You can access command-specific assistance from within Minitab dialog boxes by clicking Help in the dialog box or pressing IF1]. Help suggests ways to complete the dialog box and encourages a thorough understanding of the task by supplying links to related topics and associated commands.

Most main dialog box topics contain the following links:

= Overview of subject area, including information such as why a certain method is useful and how to choose which method to use

= How to instructions on completing the dialog box

= Example of using the command, ineluding output and interpretation

[] Data requirements that explain how you should arrange the data in the worksheet and what data types you can analyze with that command

[] See also links to related topics and commands, including methods and formulas

Hidÿ Back ÿ ÿ Prÿ ÿ=

Open, Save, arid Prÿ Fÿs + Data vÿrÿ'KJow and S esÿon Wÿ ' Negate aÿ Cÿat ÿ Data

Baÿc 5tabÿ6cs

÷ ÿ Oveÿ,ew

Data Eÿ'q*,ÿemenlÿ

?ÿ To perform a &ÿeal ,eg 1/] Refee.raeÿ

,ÿ-ÿ Oiÿpÿ,Gr,ÿpÿ +; ÿ= PIeciÿtlon. Op6ond Teÿls,

+ÿ Iÿ Ger, eÿa] Regÿeÿioo +ÿ StefÿeRegÿeÿioÿ + Beat Suÿatÿ Regteÿn +; Fÿted ÿ Pot '+ N0erÿaÿ Rea#eÿoa

+ ÿ Pÿ Least SÿNaÿeI ÿPLS) +, ÿ Binaÿ Logisÿ Regÿessbn +: ÿ Ozÿ Lÿs6c Regreÿlioÿ

Regression

Stat > Regression > Regression / You cÿ use Rÿgÿes$lsn to perform s'mÿ and rruÿ reÿ uÿgÿ

Use thÿ prOCedure for fÿdÿn g generaÿ ÿuÿ ¢ÿdeÿ storÿg regression =ÿ=ÿtÿS, exarrÿla9 ÿgsÿ. generÿg poÿt estates, , and per forrÿlg ÿ:ÿtÿ, you waÿt to rt a ÿessÿ ÿ-ÿ wÿ a sÿlgÿ ÿ,

If you have ¢atego{l¢ÿl predÿors, use ÿ, whÿh does not requÿe you to uÿte C-ÿaÿr wa'ÿ ÿ ÿ also ea sÿer to ft po f,/n ofr/ÿl/modeÿ arid moqeÿ wth 61teractÿis wÿ General Regcessÿn

¢ÿuse yoÿ do not need to create new coÿmns ÿ the WorksheeL ) DlatOg box items Respoÿse; Seÿct the cobtr.1 contaÿ the Y, or ÿnÿe va,ÿbÿ. Pred,ctoÿs: Select the cobÿ(i ) COntaÿlÿ the X, or 2.L=,ÿ_.Eÿr ÿa, ÿt,ÿ

,e_,rÿot, s=

Where you can find this command in the Minitab menu

Explanation of -- command

Explanation of each dialog box item

Links to subdialog box information

Meet Minitab 10-7

Chapter 10 StatGuide

StatGuide The Minitab StatGuide explains how to interpret statistical tables and graphs in a practical, easy-to-understand way. Unlike Help, which provides guidance for using Minitab, the StatGuide focuses on the interpretation of Minitab results, using preselected examples to explain the output.

StatGuide topics include information such as:

[] Real-life data analysis situations

[] Brief summaries of statistical capabilities

[] Emphasis on important components of the output

Finding information

After you issue a command, you can learn more about the output by examining StatGuide's example output and interpretation. The StatGuide provides a direct path to command-specific guidance:

[] Right-click in the Session window output or on a graph, then choose StatGuide.

[] Click in the Session window output or on a graph, then eli& [] on the toolbar or press [Shift]+[F1].

In the Project Manager, click the name of the Session window output or graph, then click [ÿ1 on the toolbar or press [Shift]+[F1]. You can also right-click the Session window or graph output name, then choose StatGuide.

You can also access the StatGuide by choosing Help 1.- StatGuide. To locate specific words or phrases, choose Help ÿ- StatGuide, then click the Search tab.

10-8 Meet Minitab

StatGuide Getting Help

Command- specific

information

Each topic in the StatGuide provides interpretation for a part of the Session window output or graph and includes the following sections:

i The first section directly below the main heading contains general guidance on interpreting the output or graph.

[] The Example Output section contains the output or graph.

[] The Interpretation section contains specific interpretation for the output or graph shown in the topic.

Browse all StatGuide topics for a command.

- ÿ One-WÿyAnOVA ÿ {ÿ

,-ÿ ÿsÿovA

T utÿ'ÿ rrÿxÿd

Dtrrÿt's rxÿ,-kÿ ÿ a c

Hÿogÿ,-ÿ of teÿUuÿ*

7ÿReÿ v*rÿuÿ mÿ

I ?ÿ Fÿ-nÿnÿteÿveJpÿl

1 Lists available topics for each command and shows your location within the StatGuide.

Infÿrÿ

f tÿe ÿ ÿ fvr tÿ•, ÿ mÿnÿ #ÿ nÿt vveÿ, ÿ ÿuÿ ÿtÿ tÿt tÿ ÿtÿ tÿ ÿre ÿrÿt YOU ÿhÿu'4 ÿrÿrÿ thÿ sÿ ÿtÿrÿ v,¸ÿ ¢ÿ.nn, ÿ,,'ÿvÿr, ÿ ÿ yÿ.." tÿ ÿtjL.-ÿrÿ

+ ......... + ......... + ......... + .........

+ ......... + ......... + ......... + ......... 5.0 to.o zs.o ÿ0.o

Display a list of all StatGuide topics for a command.

Read a description of the data used in the example output.

-- View in-depth content for more information about the analysis.

( Meet Minitab 10-9

Chapter 10 Session Command Help

Session Command Help In addition to using Minitab's menus and dialog boxes, you can also conduct analyses, generate graphs, and manipulate data using session commands. Each Minitab menu command has a corresponding session command, which consists of a main command and, usually, one or more subeommands. Session commands are especially useful because they can be used to create macros, which are session commands stored in a text file. Macros can help automate repeated tasks. See Help

Help, then click Macros under References for more information about how to write Execs and macros.

Finding information

To access Minitab Session Command Help, choose Help * Help, then dick Session Commands under References.

The Session Command Help environment is similar to Minitab Help. The toolbar, navigation pane, and topic pane provide the necessary tools for learning and using

session commands.

Session Command Help

The functÿnÿtcy of LIÿab is =cceÿ sÿ through ÿteÿacts,,e w ÿdowÿ and n'eaus, or through = cÿmÿand tingua;e caÿL=d seÿoÿ €oÿ'ÿrÿ. You can use sessÿn co n'ÿmand s a5 aÿ aÿematÿ,'e to usÿg rrÿ.nu ¢ÿmaÿdÿ. or a= a way to bÿd rÿcr0g for repetÿe fusions.

Instÿcttons n ( ÿLÿ=ÿ_rl ÿ - ffÿw to use the cÿnds, rum= to forow, corÿaÿd syntÿ, subcÿrÿandÿ+

aÿrf arÿuÿnts 9ÿc= cÿ-ÿand. ÿ-HÿvltoÿsetÿecÿrwÿnÿJÿ,ÿeÿfferenttyÿeÿ,rusestofoÿow, forÿ'*ÿlsÿnÿ

View these topics for instructions on how to use session commands and macros.

Command ListJllgs

Jÿ - seÿ sÿon conwÿnÿ [sted by functÿn

View these topics for lists of commands and macros.

I To learn more about session commands, go to Chapter 6, Using Session Commands.

10-10 Meet Minitab

What's Next Getting Help

Command- specific

information

To access information for a specific session command, at the MTB > command

prompt, type HELP followed by the command name. Press [Enter].

3/4/2009 8:t 8::30 PM

elcoiÿe to IIlnltab, pÿess F1 for help. > EELp GS"JÿY

Most session command topics contain links to: [] Example of using the command, including output. [] See also links to related topics.

I#ote oso LIIÿARY reÿcel %DESERVE. Stai > BÿsI¢ $(atlstt¢¢ > Graphical Summÿry Command Synlax GSUMMARY C. c

Y Lhÿtÿ thÿ cÿ1ÿ that ¢ontÿn thÿ ÿroupÿ ;I varÿbÿ E ÿ $pÿ¢lfes a confÿeace ÿvei K for thÿ ¢onÿaÿ ÿtÿrvÿ1

Subcomrÿandÿ

COI(RDEIICE Speckles a confÿenÿ ÿvel for the €ÿn fÿen¢ÿ intervaL K €ÿn be ÿny number bÿtween l ÿ 100. For ÿxarÿOÿ, if you eater K = ÿ0, ÿ ÿab ÿUÿ a ÿ0% ¢ÿnrÿncÿ ÿtervat If you do not speedy ÿ conÿence ÿvÿL Mÿab gÿ %5% coÿfÿence ÿervÿL

Location of the J corresponding command

in the Minitab menu.

Command syntax. Click a subcommand to access more detailed information.

Explanation of the command.

-- Detailed information about subcommands.

Storel the conBÿnce ÿlewa( for lhÿ Itÿndÿr(l dÿvÿtÿn in C ÿnd C.

SMCOIIF C C

$SCOI(F C C

What's Next In the next chapter, ]earn more about the Minitab environment and the types and forms of data that Minitab uses. The chapter also includes a list of quick-reference tables of actions and analyses available in Minitab.

Meet Minitab 10-11

Chapter 10 What's Next

10ÿ12 Meet Minitab

11 Reference

Objectives In this chapter, you find information about:

[] Minitab environment, page 11-2

[] Minitab data, page 11-5

Overview

Previous Meet Minitab chapters introduced you to Minitab and some of its features and commands. This ehapter provides in-depth information about the Minitab environment and data, as well as quick-reference tables to help you to perform the actions and statistics you need in your own analysis.

( Meet Minitab 11-1

Chapter 11 The Minitab Environment

The Minitab Environment As you perform your data analysis, you will work with many different Minitab windows and tools Here is a brief overview of the Minitab environment:

Toolbars

Menu bar --

Session window

Data / windows

Status bar

Project Manager

Minitab windows

,, The Session window displays text output such as tables of statistics. You can

display columns, constants, and matrices in this window by choosing Data

Display Data.

[] Data windows contain columns and rows of cells in which you enter, edit, and view the data for each worksheet.

Graph windows display graphs You can have up to 200 Graph windows open at a time

11-2 Meet Minitab

The Minitab Environment Reference

Project Manager

Folders

Contents l--

of the open folder

My Raports,MPJ tÿ Session .ÿ History

CI Greÿs C.ÿ RepÿtPad (ÿ1 Related Documents

:-; I,.ÿ Worksheets ,-; ÿ ShipptngData,mtw

{"71 columns :1 Constants

Lÿ Matrices

Session I worlÿheet ::::--ÿ5ÿ-iÿ,ÿiÿÿ-:c:-:ÿ7-::D shÿppÿnooao,mtÿ

[]Histogram of Days shipplngData,mtw [] Descriptive Statisticsÿ Days ShipplngData,mtw [] Results for Center = Central ShippLqcjData,mZw [] ResUlts for Center = Eastern SNpplngData,ratw

lResu[ts for Center = Western ShippingData.lÿtw [] ..... 3/9/2009 3;56;1J PM .................... ShippingData.rntw [] Individual Value Plot oF Days ShtpffÿgData,ratw

The Project Manager contains folders that allow you to navigate, view, and manipulate various parts of your project. By right-clicking either the folders or the folder contents, you can access a variety of menus that allow you to manage Session

window output, graphs, worksheets, command language, and related project areas.

This folder... Contains... Use to...

Session A list of:

[] All Session window output by command

[] All graphs

Manage Session window output. For example:

[] Jump to Session window output

,, Copy, delete, rename, or print Session window output or graphs

[] Append Session window output or graphs to the ReportPad

History All commands you have used

= Repeat complex command sequences

[] Use commands to create Execs and macros

Graph A list of all graphs in your project

Manage your graphs. For example:

[] Arrange, rename, tile, or remove your graphs

[] Append graphs to the ReportPad

Meet Minitab 11-3

Chapter 11 The Minitab Environment

This folder... Contains... Use to...

ReportPad A basic word processing m Create, arrange, or edit reports of tool project work

[] Move ReportPad contents to a more powerful word processing program for further editing and layout