Juniata formation , geology reaserch paper .

Mohammed Almuhrej

GEO 313

Dr. Jeffery

October 15, 2016

Field Trip Summary

Beekmantown Formation:-

Age: Ordovician

The Beekmantown Formation environment, was a marine depositional environment. The lithology of the formation that it made of limestone. Also, the formation was showing a lamination in it, which meant there was also a sedimentary structure. Moreover, there was an abundance fossils such as Brachiopods and the rock was as Breccia.

Dolly Ridge Formation:-

Age: Ordovician

The Dolly Ridge Formation was made primarily of limestone with shale. The depositional environment of this formation, was a shallow marine environment. There also was a sedimentary structure from a tidal flat.

Oswego Formation:

Age: Ordovician

The Oswego Formation was made of sediments. In this location, it was a quartz sandstone. The quartz sandstone was containing of cross-bedding. The rock sample was a quartz sandstone with calcite cement. Moreover, the depositional environment for the Oswego Formation was in a beach environment. Also there was a zone called an Orthorhynchula zone that fossils located in it. And it was containing fossils such as Brachiopods and Bryozones.

Juniata Formation:-

Age: Ordovician

The Juniata formation was made primarily of quartz sandstone and it’s well-sorted or sub-rounded with fossils. There was a sedimentary structure from the cross-bedding in the rock. In addition, the depositional environment for the Juniata Formation in this location was a delta plain environment.

Tuscarora Sandstone:-

Age: Silurian

The Tuscarora Sandstone was made of quartz sandstone and referred as Medina Sandstone. The diagenetic processes in the clean sandstone resulted an orthoquartizied. It’s also consider as an important for oil and gas reservoir. The burrows, trace fossils in this formation was from Skolithos. The depositional environment for this formation was beach sandstone, but it also was containing of two more faces such as deltaic and river environment. The sedimentary structures for this formation was consisting of ripple marks, lamination, and cross-bedding. Also, the red color in the formation was showing a hematite.

Rose Hill formation:-

Age: Silurian

The Rose Hill Formation was made primarily of sandstone and shale. The color for this formation that was reddish and green sandstones with brown siltstone. The red color was diagenetic, meaning that there was an iron from hematite and limonite, the oxygen made it reddish. While, the original color for this formation was green marine shale and sandstone. The sedimentary structure was consisting of ripple marks and lamination. The depositional environment was a shallow marine environment which caused a ripple marks, also it could be a deltaic environment, or tidal flat. The reason that showed the ripple marks so clear because of interbedded nature of the sandstone and shale. The burrows in this formation could be because of walking or hunting. And the marine fossils in this formation also were Brachiopods, Bryozones, and Crinoids.

Williamsport Sandstone:-

Age: Silurian

The Williamsport Sandstone made of sandstone. And the depositional environment was a delta deposition and progradation because the layers of this formation showed a reverse grading. The sedimentary structures were cross-bedding and lamination. Also the formation was having a trace fossils such as burrows.

Wills Creek Formation:-

Age: Silurian

The Wills Creek Formation made of pack stone. The depositional environment for this formation, was on a tidal flat. Moreover, the formation was fine grain, grey limestone. While the sedimentary structures were allugial lamination, and ripple marks. And the fossils were Stromatolites, and Brachiopods.

Tonoloway Limestone:-

Age: Silurian

The Tonoloway made of limestone and the depositional for this formation was on a tidal flat. And the rock with grey line stone. The formation was containing an ostracod fossils. The sedimentary structures were consist of lamination and ripple marks. Also there was a mudcrack structures.

Keyser Formation:-

Age: Silurian- Devonian

The Keyser formation made of packstone. And the depositional environment for this formation was a shallow marine environment. And the sedimentary structures was consisting of cross-bedding and fine lamination. The Keyser was divided to many members, but we only talked about two members. The first one, Byers Island Limestone, was containing a marine fossils, and calcite. While the second member, Jersey Shore Limestone, also containing marine fossils, calcareous algae.

New Creek Limestone:-

Age: Devonian

The New Creek Limestone made of grainstone. The depositional environment for this formation was a shallow marine environments. And the rock of the formation was grey crinoidal limestone. Also there was fossils such as Brachiopods.

Corriganville Limestone:-

Age: Devonian

The depositional environment of the Corriganville Limestone was in an open marine environment. And the sedimentary structures was containing of cross-bedding. The rock in this formation was crystalline grey limestone. While the fossils were like sponges and Brachiopods.

Licking Creek Formation:-

Age: Devonian

The depositional environment of Licking Creek Formation was a marine environment. And the formation made of limestone with chert. The rock with white limestone to dark grey chert. While, the sedimentary structures was cross-bedding layers. The fossils in this formation were brachiopods, Bryozones, and crinoids.

Oriskany Sandstone:-

Age: Devonian

The Oriskany Sandstone was clastic, with calcareous quarts sandstone. The sedimentary structures for this formation that it contained of cross-bedding. And the depositional environment was a beach environment. The fossils were internal and external molds.

Millboro Shale:-

Age: Devonian

The formation was consisting of black shale, almost all of the formation. And there are no fossils. While the environment was a submarine fan deposit. Convolout bedding, was the sedimentary structures for this formation.

Brallier Formation:-

Age: Devonian

This formation was containing of shale and sandstones. While the depositional environment was a deep water deposit, marine turbidity current. Such as BCD, A. While the sedimentary structure was drag marks. There also were trace fossils such as Brachiopods.

Foreknobs/ Scherr Formations:-

Age: Devonian

The formation was containing of sandstones and grey shales. The depositional environments for this formations where in delta deposit. While the sedimentary structures were containing of ripple marks, ball and pillow, cross-bedding structures. The fossils in these formations were Brachiopods, and snails.