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preiou5
powerpoint_for_headstart.pptx
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NO PLAGERISM and References
By: Mariam Kitto and Veronica Nafso
COM 8220 Community Oral Health Education
University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Dental Hygiene Program December 9, 2015
Healthy Mouth, Healthy Teeth
Introduction
Children from certain racial and ethnic groups and families with low levels of education and income are at a higher risk than other children to develop oral disease as stated by the National Institutes of health.
According to the National Survey of Children’s Health
60% of children from low income families had no visit in the past year, compared with 40% of children from middle or high class families.
A racial disparity in children’s health plays a role in oral health and access. African American and Hispanic children are more likely to have untreated disease than white children .
Similar findings were revealed at Cathedral Headstart Center
An oral health education program was conducted to improve oral health care
At the end of the program, learners are expected to demonstrate tooth brushing and flossing (using “wild flossers”) and be able to distinguish healthy foods.
Say: Oral health care among children has become a considerable unmet need.
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Methods
Convenience sample of three preschool children at the Cathedral Headstart Center.
Consent for performing assessment and evaluation indices was obtained by the University of Detroit Mercy Dental Hygiene Program.
A twelve question parent survey was conducted by Mrs. Pamela Gibes, RDH
Dmf was visualized
The children demonstrated how to remove the plaque using their own toothbrushes.
If performed incorrectly, a demonstration to the children was shown.
Methods
To evaluate the effectiveness of the education provided, the children demonstrated plaque removal after applying disclosing solution.
Sugary/sticky foods were discussed by demonstrating “sugar bugs” on a hardboiled egg.
The hardboiled egg was placed in a container with one cup of vinegar and one cup of soda (coca cola) for ten minutes.
Plastic foods were used to have children answer with tooth face paddles (happy and sad faces) whether or not that is a good food choice.
True and “floss” questions were asked to the children, which included:
how many times a day to brush
how many minutes to brush for
how many times to floss a day
best time to brush/floss.
At the end of the program, each student was handed a goody bag which included tooth brushes, wild floss, Crest toothpaste, pamphlets to parents regarding oral hygiene care and a referral to the University of Detroit Mercy Dental School.
Results Pre & Post Plaque Index
Mean for first visit: 63.33 and standard deviation of 35.56 second visit: 41.00 and standard deviation 34.77
p value was 0.3201, which was not significant
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Has Your Child Been Examined by a Dentist?
67% of the participants have been examined by a dentist.
33% has not been examined by a dentist.
Does Your Child’s Toothpaste Contain Fluoride?
33% of the child’s toothpaste contain fluoride
67% of the child’s participant's parents don’t know if their toothpaste contains fluoride
Food Frequency Questionarie
Discussion: Plaque Index
At the initial visit, the mean percentage of plaque index was higher than the post visit.
P value showed that results were not statistically significant.
The sample population available was three participants, which enabled the researchers to test for a larger mean value.
The initial visit had a sample population of seven, whereas the post visit only three participants were present.
The participants showed effective brushing and flossing at the post visit by removing the disclosing solution.
The toothbrushes provided at the Head Start Program were worn out and the bristles flared out, which can affect plaque scores.
Discussion
The parent survey indicated that 67% of participants have been examined by a dentist and 33% have not been examined by a dentist.
The survey did not provide information regarding the frequency of visiting the dentist. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recommends dental visits every six months to provide education and evaluate for oral disease.
The data showed that only 33% of participants are using fluoridated toothpaste and 67% of parent’s don’t know if their toothpaste contains fluoride.
This data suggest that the participants are at risk for caries. The use of fluoridated containing products containing 0.05 of sodium fluoride once a day has revealed to help reduce plaque levels and promote remineralization.
Discussion: Nutrition
Fruit and juice intake was 67% one to three times per week and 33% five times per week.
Juices contain high levels of sugar and acids which increases the risk of caries. Cereal consumption was 33% for greater than five times a week and 67% more than five times a day. The type of cereal was not provided; a majority of cereals contain sugar as the first ingredient, indicating high levels.
The high amount of sweets and soda intake shows that the participants have a high caries risk.
The amount and how often a day a child consumes sugary foods and drinks plays a role with bacteria in the oral cavity. The bacteria will feed on the sugars consumed and create acid that destroy enamel.
Conclusion
The findings conclude similar results with families of low income and education are at a higher risk as stated by the National Institutes of Health.
Children’s teeth are at risk for caries as soon as they appear which is typically around 6 months of age.
Risk factors include feeding of sugary foods/drinks, transmission of caries from mother to child, and inadequate home care.
It is important to visit the dentist as the child’s tooth first appears.
Dental disease can be prevented by visiting the dentist, providing proper oral care, and educating parent’s and their children.
Community and individual interventions for oral health should be implemented in areas of compromised health services with parents present at the time.
In the future, when giving the oral health program, it will be beneficial to have a larger population, to indicate a significant value.
Acknowledgements
Mrs. Pamela Gibes, R.D.H., B.S, M.A.
Ms. Shepherd, R.D.H, M.S.
Dr. Wheater
References
1. Isong I, Dantas L, Gerard M, Kuhlthau K (2014) Oral Health Disparities and Unmet Dental Needs among Preschool Children in Chelsea, MA: Exploring Mechanisms, Defining Solutions. Oral Hyg Health 2:138. doi: 10.4172/2332-0702.1000138
2. NIH Funds Consortium for Childhood Oral Health Disparities Research. (2015, September 15). Retrieved November 26, 2015, from http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/ResearchResults/NewsReleases/CurrentNewsReleases/NIH-funds-consortium-for-childhood-oral-health-disparities-research.htm
3. Healthy Habits. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2015, from http://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/babies-and-kids/healthy-habits
4. Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care. (2014). American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 37(6). Retrieved November 25, 2015, from http://www.aapd.org/media/policies_guidelines/g_infantoralhealthcare.pdf
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