research proposal draft

Research Proposal Draft

Student name

University

Introduction

Background and Significance of the Problem

Heart disease and stroke are major public health concerns especially in the United States. To put it into perspective, heart disease is the major cause of fatalities while stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the nation . Taken together, these two conditions have ruined the lives of individuals, families, communities and aggregates in the US. Apart from being major causes of mortality in the nation, heart disease and stroke manifest other adverse effects including serious disability and illness, decreased quality of life and billions of dollars annually in economic loss (Mosca, Hammond, Mochari-Greenberger, Towfighi, & Albert, 2016). In light of the incapacitating effects manifested by heart disease and stroke, it is important to come up with realistic strategies for combating the disorders in order to improve the quality of life in the nation’s population.

Statement of the Problem

Heart disease and stroke have the highest prevalence rates in the United States. According to the CDC (2015), approximately 610,000 Americans succumb to heart disease annually, representing 1 heart disease casualty in every 4 deaths. With regard to type, coronary heart disease is the most common type, killing approximately 365,000 individuals in 2014 (CDC, 2015 ). Every year, heart disease also costs the US about $207 billion, which is inclusive of costs of medication, lost productivity and cost of healthcare services . Stroke on the contrary kills approximately 130,000 Americans annually, claiming the life of a person in every 4 minutes. Approximately 795,000 people have a stroke every year in the US (CDC, 2015). Noteworthy, incidence of these health conditions also varies by some parameters such as age, gender, socioeconomic status and racial background. The prevalence of heart disease and stroke has been increasing because of various reasons . For instance, many people lack the educational and informational support necessary for understanding the risk factors associated with these conditions (Mosca et al., 2016). Most of the risk factors including high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, being overweight, unhealthy diets and high blood pressure are modifiable . Given the shocking statistics, it is paramount to take necessary steps for investigating the causes of these cardiovascular conditions and finding ways of reducing their prevalence in the nation.

Purpose of the Study

The present study aims to uncover a number of issues related to stroke and heart disease in the US. Specifically, the main purposes include:

1. Determining the causes for the high prevalence, mortality and morbidity associated with these conditions

2. Identifying modifiable and non-modifiable factors that make individuals more susceptible to developing heart disease and stroke

3. Ascertaining the most effective interventions or courses of action for combating the incidence of coronary diseases among Americans

4. Determining the level of education and information that citizens have with regard to the health problems of stroke and heart disease

5. Identifying whether there are significant racial disparities in the prevalence of these incapacitating conditions

6. To create a responsive intervention plan for addressing the incidence of the identified health conditions

Research Question: PICOT

Population : The population of interest comprises of adults from both genders who are 18 years or older from different demographic groups

Intervention : Half of the selected participants will receive health education on a variety of issues related to stroke and heart disease. The other half will be the control group; they will not receive health education but rather they will continue with their normal lifestyles

Comparison : Aim will be comparing the incidence and prevalence of risk factors associated with stroke and heart disease in the two set of participants. Behaviors assessed for high-risk participants will include smoking frequency, dietary habits, engagement in physical activity, health-seeking behaviors, regular screening for the health conditions and utilization of community resources for stroke and heart disease (Fero & Herrick, 2011).

Outcome : To identify educational approaches that aid in mitigating risk factors associated with the incidence of stroke and heart disease

Time : Five-year duration

Research Question

Given that a substantial number of citizens do not have appropriate education on heart disease and stroke, how does health education on the risk factors of these complications among different groups minimize the incidence and prevalence of the conditions vis-à-vis not receiving the health education over a five-year period?

Hypothesis: Research and Null

Research hypothesis: Providing health education to participants will increase their awareness of the risk factors associated with stroke and heart disease, a factor that will subsequently reduce their susceptibility to developing these conditions

Null hypothesis: Health education on risk factors of stroke and heart disease will not have any positive effect in reducing the incidence of these conditions

Identifying and Defining Study Variables

The main variables under investigation in the study are age, educational awareness on heart disease and stroke risk factors, readiness to learn, gender and racial background . Age, gender and racial background are the independent variables whereas educational awareness and readiness to learn are the dependent variables under investigation in this present study.

Operationalizing Variables

Age: Age refers to the number of years/amount of time a person has lived. For this study, inclusion criteria includes only participants above the age of 18 years

Gender: The state of either being female or male, members from both genders will participate in the present study (Fero & Herrick, 2011)

Educational awareness: The extent to which the participants are aware of the risk factors and other aspects of heart disease or stroke

Readiness to learn: The likelihood of an individual to seek information and participate in health promoting behaviors

Racial background: Categorization of individuals based on genetic groups and ancestry. Some of the major races considered in this study include African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, Asian Americans and American Natives (Fero & Herrick, 2011)

References

CDC. (2015, August 10). Heart disease and strokes factsheet. Retrieved October 24, 2016, from http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/hds_index.htm

Fero, L. J., & Herrick, C. A. (2011). Introduction to care coordination and nursing management (2nd ed.) Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Mosca, L., Hammond, G., Mochari-Greenberger, H., Towfighi, A., & Albert, M. A. (2016). Fifteen-Year Trends in Awareness of Heart Disease in Women Results of a 2012 American Heart Association National Surve y. Circulation , 134 (15), 113-119.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria	Maximum Points	Earned Points	Comments
Background and Significance Section articulates the problem and need for the proposed innovation.	5	5	This section complete and well researched.
Statement of the Problem and Purpose of the Study is appropriate and supported with evidence.	5	5	Excellent section here
Research Question is appropriate and meets all criteria.	5	1	Research Question is not correct. Please insert the PICOT-formatted research question here – the one I approved from Week 3 discussion board
Research Hypothesis and Null Hypothesis are appropriate for research question.	5	5	There were not the statement hypotheses – there must be statements for the hypotheses – please review your textbook to review how to construct these statements
Variables are Operationally Defined.	5	5	I did not see the Operational Variable in this submission
Followed APA guidelines for writing style, spelling and grammar, and citation of sources.	5	1	The mandatory SUO template that was uploaded in the assignment page was not used in this submission – please download this mandatory template and insert your information into it. Please make sure that ALL your statement sentences are supported with published sources – see my comments in the paper. Please review very carefully ALL my comments in your paper and in the References Page – formatting is not APA 6th edition. Please correct this W3 assignment and upload it next week with the Week 4 assignment so that I can see it is corrected.
Total:	30	22

Response from professor about my PICOT question approved too

Your research question is: In any adult patient over 18 years old, including males and females (P), how does education on risk factors for heart disease and stroke (I) influence the incidence on both conditions (O), in comparison with not receiving education (C) during five years (T)? This question has all the components and is very well conceived and written!! One item: take out the word "any" - you will be asked later to define the inclusions and exclusions. The word 'any' will not pass IRB. GREAT work!! Dr. Marti

�Too many blank spaces here – please use the template that was in the classroom and was required to be used for this assignment

�This should be the title of the paper here

�This is not correct APA formatting – this was NOT in the Mandatory SUO template that was downloaded from the classroom – please use the template as was the requirements for this assignment.

�Where did you get this information? All statement sentences must have published cited sources at the end of each sentence or else this is seen as mere conjecture or opinion. You must cite each and every statement sentence!

�Where did you get this information? All statement sentences must have published cited sources at the end of each sentence or else this is seen as mere conjecture or opinion. You must cite each and every statement sentence!

�Good introduction to the material for your study

�This is not correct – use the template

�Very great statistics here

�Where did you get this information? All statement sentences must have published cited sources at the end of each sentence or else this is seen as mere conjecture or opinion. You must cite each and every statement sentence!

�Where did you get this information? All statement sentences must have published cited sources at the end of each sentence or else this is seen as mere conjecture or opinion. You must cite each and every statement sentence!

�Excellent citation

�Where did you get this information? All statement sentences must have published cited sources at the end of each sentence or else this is seen as mere conjecture or opinion. You must cite each and every statement sentence!

�Where did you get this information? All statement sentences must have published cited sources at the end of each sentence or else this is seen as mere conjecture or opinion. You must cite each and every statement sentence!

�Not correct heading formatting – use the template in the classroom

�Good!

�This is awkward wording and would not be approved by IRB. There is not a definitive population

There is not a comparison

This is not measurable

Please insert the approved research question from week 3 in this section and upload this into the Week 4 assignment with the correct research question

Please use the template uploaded in the classroom Doc Sharing for assistance in creating a research question

�BEAUTIFUL HERE!!!

�Good!

�Very good!

�Very great!!

�Only 1st word is capitalized in titles

�No space here