PSY 104 Week 4 Assignment

Physical Development Activities

Ricardo Alvarado

PSY 104: Child and Adolescent Development

Anthony Cohen

November 14, 2016

Physical development in childhood is an important aspect in the growth of infant motor skills. Various activities help in boosting the growth. At each stage in child development is essential and plays a significant role in the development. The infancy, toddlerhood, middle and late childhood are important steps that parents should consider various activities that assist in boosting the development of the child. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:There are v Comment by Grammarly: Deleted: that Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:n Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:mport Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:v Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:l Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ag

At early childhood, a child may be introduced to music whereby the caregiver of the child frequently plays soft music to the child. By adding tunes to a child and singing for the child is a crucial process in the development of the child. Music helps in enhancing the moods of the baby and it helps in boosting the language skills of the child. As a parent, it is advised that you should have a specific playlist for your child to play for him when you are together. If you have a piano, it’s the best to play the tunes to the child. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:inf Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:n Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:y Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:intro Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:uc

Ansdell (2016) in his book ‘How music helps in Music Therapy and everyday life' illustrates that how music helps children to speak up faster. He states that babies who are more exposed to music have a tendency of utilizing more communication gestures which are a vital aspect in boosting the child's speaking abilities. The more communicative gestures a child use, the more chances the child must acquire language skills. Songs played to the child introduces the child to new words and rhymes. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:is

Singing is a fundamental way in nurturing of language development and exploration of concepts and enhancing the child's memory. Music helps in building and connecting the sensory inputs of the child's brain. Music enhances auditory means of simulations that carry educational concepts, such as language which will develop as a child obtains cognitive skills. (Miller, 2014) Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:w Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:rd Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:basically Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:generally Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:t Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ies

Middle age is a time of latency. This describes the phase in development where the child is capable of turning outward, and the child starts establishing personality based on social interaction. It's at this stage that children focus on becoming industrious and fruitful in friendship and fights with feeling of inferiority when compared with peers. Therefore, apt physical activities introduced to the children will greatly assist the development task and level of readiness. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:s Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ccess

Since the primary job of adult children is becoming industrious and establishing friendship the most appropriate activity to engage children in this phase is encouraging team sports. A good example of a team sport is soccer or baseball. It entails grouping the children in groups and allowing them to play against each other. From this, they will learn how to create a team spirit in that they will have to work together so as to win the sports activity. By working together as a team, a child appreciates that while the industry is achieved individually, it can be accomplished as part of the larger team. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:r Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:t Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:sk in mid Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:e aged Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:team Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:o t Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:iev

According to Konnicke (2009), the challenges of playing with and controlling the ball help in developing the motor skills of the child. Soccer enhances a child to develop endurance, strength, coordination skills, cognitive ability and social lessons. Children develop a relatively high aerobic and anaerobic threshold as they run across the soccer field. Recent studies show that it is through soccer that children can overcome two circumstances that are beyond his control. These conditions are early sensory development and evolution. They can develop their coordination skills. The coordination of the hands is more than that of the feet. Therefore, soccer helps in improving the coordination of the feet as it counteracts the feet's related gross motor skills. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:are Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ble to Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:rcums Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:a Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ce Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:t Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:iv

Communication and understanding are the vital aspects in the late childhood stages of development. Children at this juncture utilize logical thinking but have less capability of turning the logic into abstract concepts. At this phase, children have acquired general knowledge and have gradually developed the ability to develop academic concepts into new tasks. They have a passion for learning new life skills from adults at home and elsewhere. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:s Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ag Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:generally Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:le Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:rn Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:d Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:f

Therefore, to improve their cognitive skills, children at this stage should be involved in board games, putting together with the puzzle. Board games refer to table top games that constitute counters or pieces moved on a pre-marked surface according to the set of rules. These games are mainly based on clear strategies in which the players ought to have some particular skills. A good example of the board game is the draught or the checkers. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:in order Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:generally Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:pu Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:e Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ce Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:a Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:n

These games challenge their motor skills while taking into account the child development need to master new tasks. They help to improve the thinking capacity of the child. Board games according to recent studies shows that they enhance social skills such as communicating verbally, sharing, waiting, taking turns and enjoying interactions with others. Board games also enhance the concentration of the child which is a crucial aspect of learning. Board games have a tendency of satisfying competitive urges of a child and the desire to master new skills and concepts. It’s at the late stage of child development that children have the desire to emulate what their elders are doing. They have the desire to copy the roles of those at home. For instance, girls tend to start practicing the skill of cooking. To improve their mastering skills, board games are vital as they enhance their cognitive skills. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:st Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:e Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ing Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:n Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:impe Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:at Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ve Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:in Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:In order t Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ery Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:mpor Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:nt

REFERENCES:

Gutstein, S. E., & Sheely, R. K. (2002). Relationship development intervention with young children: Social and emotional development activities for Asperger syndrome, autism, PDD, and NLD. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Harris, M., & MENC, the National Association for Music Education (U.S.). (2009). Music and the young mind: Enhancing brain development and engaging learning. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education.

Haywood, K. M. (n.d.). Lifespan motor development. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Publ.