Recycling, Reducing, and Reusing

Stage

Year

Situation in the country

Stage 1

1855

Major historical changes: The country is under Tsarist autocracy that presided over the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the lifting of censorship

Changing population size: Population is substantially larger compared to the more developed Western countries.

Birth and death rate: Population growth rates are fastest of all the major powers excluding that of the United States. Rapid birth rates is due to improvement of the law relating to marriage in 1861 and 1862, with 49.7 children born alive per 1000 people (1860 – 1880). High death rates resulted from customary practices that increased susceptibility to diseases, hence high mortality rates, which stood at 21.3 deaths per 1000 people.

Environmental impact: The environmental impact is low as the vast majority of the people live in rural communities and engaged in relatively primitive agriculture

Stage 2

1900

Major historical changes: The country was affected by the government social and political reforms limiting fertility, First World War, civil war and famine aggravating the demographic transition (Frejka et al, 2008).

Changing population size: The population is increasing as the children born between 1880s and socialized at the turn of the century married young.

Birth rate and death rates: There are high birth rates, but a steady fall in birth (49.3 per 1000 people) due to radical schism in economic, social and political system limiting fertility. There are declining death rates (17.2 deaths/1,000 population).

Environmental impact: The environmental impact because of dramatic change in commercial farming and significant industrial growth. The economic growth increased at an average of 4.6% until 1920 and sped up over the years.

Stage 3

1960

Changing population size: The country experienced large population increases

Birth rates and death rates: the country had decreased birth and death rates at 1.89 Per 1000 people owing to the severely restricted the sale of alcohol, increased working hours, and compulsory work attendance that reduced chronic absenteeism.

Environmental impact: There was increased environmental impact due to the increased industrial activities that polluted the environment, rivers were diverted to irrigate the desert region surrounding the Sea.

Stage 4

1990

Change in population size: The country experienced population growth of 294,500 people, in which 22,700 people were due to natural population growth and the others accounted by immigration, the population.

Birth rates and death rates: The country experienced low birth rates, and abnormally high death rates caused population decline of 0.5%. This was due to the economic and social turmoil after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 (Gerber and Perelli-Harris, 012).

Environmental impact: increased environmental impact due to government prevailing patterns of industrialization and collectivization. The need for consumer goods increased aggravated farming and industrial activities. The law allowed private ownership of businesses in the manufacturing, services, manufacturing, and foreign-trade sectors resulting in more explorations that impacted negatively the environment

Stage 5

2010

Change population size: Population size is reducing (reduced from 148 million in 1990 to 143 million)

Birth rates and death rates: Low birthrates at 1.3 births per woman due to later marriages, high employment of women, high rates of alcoholism and economic hardship, and family planning g (Moon, 2014). High death rates of 15 deaths per 1000 people due to aging population. The govern introduced "Sex Day" to encourage Russians to go home and have sex to give birth to children (Teitelbaum, 2013).

Environmental impact: high environmental impact due to very exploitation of natural resource i.e. overfishing, and forest losses hitting its air and water quality. This is aggravated by unchecked basic environmental regulation. The ruling elite continue neglect the significance of environmental safety for the country’s economy, security and political interests.