Research

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ Report Information from ProQuest November 15 2016 16:28 _______________________________________________________________

15 November 2016 ProQuest

Table of contents

1. Special Forward Effectively Addressing the Impact of Child Traumatic Stress in Child Welfare................. 1

15 November 2016 ii ProQuest

Document 1 of 1 Special Forward Effectively Addressing the Impact of Child Traumatic Stress in Child Welfare Author: Pynoos, Robert S; Fairbank, John A; James-Brown, Christine ProQuest document link Abstract:   In part, through analyses of the Network's Core Data Set (the first behavioral health data collection effort to systematically capture standardized information on demographics, trauma and loss exposure[s], post-trauma reactions, behavioral problems and functional impairment, co-morbid conditions, treatments, services, and other key factors pertaining to trauma in children and families), the NCTSN is generating more clarity and understanding in regard to the populations of children receiving care through the child welfare system. In 2006, National Center staff presented at CWLAs Juvenile Justice Symposium on "Trauma Among Children and Adolescents in Juvenile Justice and Residential Settings." Since 2008, Network members have presented on multiple occasions at CWLAs annual Child Welfare Commissioners' Roundtable meetings on topics such as "Building TraumaInformed Systems and Practices for Children and Families in the Child Welfare System." Links: Linking Service, Check for full text via Journal Finder Full text:   Perhaps no other child-serving system encounters a higher percentage of children with a history of exposure to trauma than the child welfare system. Almost by definition, children served by child welfare have experienced at least one major traumatic event, and many have long and complex trauma histories. Children in the child welfare system, especially those in foster care, have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than the general population (Garland, Hough, McCabe, Yeh, Wood, 6c Aarons, 2001; Halfon, Zepeda, 6c Inkelas, 2002; Leslie, Hurlburt, Ladsverk, Earth, 6c Slymen, 2004; Taylor, Wilson, 6c Igelman, 2006). Abuse and neglect often occur with concurrent exposure to domestic violence (Graham- B ermann, 2002; Hartley, 2002), substance abuse (Kelley, 2002), and community violence (Guterman, Cameron, 6c Hahm, 2003). These children also often face the additional stress and adversity of removal from the home, multiple placements in out-of-home care (e.g., foster homes, shelters, group homes, residential treatment facilities, and kinship placements), and changes in schools and peer groups (Halfon et al., 2002). The multiplicity and range of traumas can lead to polyvictimization (Finkelhor, Ormrod, Turner, 6c Hamby, 2005) or complex trauma (Cook, Spinazzola, Ford, Lanktree, Blaustein, Cloistre, DeRosa, Hubbard, Kagan, Liautaud, Mallah, Olafson, 6c van der Kolk, 2005), with increased likelihood of various adverse developmental and psychological outcomes. For the child welfare system to become trauma- informed, effective trauma screening and assessment is needed at every level as well as access to evidence-based trauma treatment services (Taylor et al., 2006). In addition, child welfare workers, kin/relatives, foster and adoptive parents, and dependency courts can play an important role in facilitating post-trauma recovery. With an understanding of trauma-informed care, they can become bridges to hope and healing for children and families. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) was created by Congress in 2001 with the explicit mandate to form a collaborative national network of sites to work toward the goal of enhancing treatments, services, and access to care for children that have been traumatized and their families. One essential way in which the NCTSN has addressed this mandate is to provide leadership in integrating trauma- informed services and treatment by increasing awareness of the impact of child traumatic stress, building strategic partnerships, providing education and training, and developing resources to address gaps in knowledge and skills across a wide range of child-serving service systems (including child welfare) and among the general public including

15 November 2016 Page 1 of 5 ProQuest

caregivers/families. The NCTSN Child Welfare Committee has led the Network in creating trauma- informed child welfare systems through commitment to executing its mission: to assure the development and dissemination of trauma- focused, evidence-based assessment tools and interventions for children and families in the child welfare systems through a broad range of training, services, publications, practice recommendations, and public policy initiatives. To that end, the Child Welfare Committee has developed numerous resources (e.g., CAC Director's Guide, Birth Parent Trauma Fact Sheets), instruments (e.g., Child Welfare Trauma Referral Tool; see Ingelman, Taylor, Gilbert, Ryan, Steinberg, Wilson, Oc Mann, 2007), and trainings (e.g., Child Welfare Trauma Training Toolkit, Resource Parent Curriculum, Trauma-Informed Practice Child Welfare Breakthrough Series Collaborative) to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes among child welfare workers, and mental health practitioners working in the child welfare system. In part, through analyses of the Network's Core Data Set (the first behavioral health data collection effort to systematically capture standardized information on demographics, trauma and loss exposure[s], post-trauma reactions, behavioral problems and functional impairment, co-morbid conditions, treatments, services, and other key factors pertaining to trauma in children and families), the NCTSN is generating more clarity and understanding in regard to the populations of children receiving care through the child welfare system. For example, the analyses are bringing increased attention to the developmental impact of the co-occurrence of neglect, impaired caregiving, physical abuse, and witnessing of domestic violence among children entering the child welfare system in early childhood. Further analyses are examining how these early trauma profiles may be associated with subsequent exposures (e.g., to physical and sexual assault and to community and school violence), that can provide insight into the critical issue of youth that are at risk for "cross-over" from the child welfare to juvenile justice systems. Child Welfare League of America The Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) is an association of a broad array of public and private agencies, advocacy groups, schools of social work, and individuals committed to improved outcomes for children who have been or are at risk of being abused and neglected and their families across the country. CWLA is committed to engaging people everywhere in promoting the well-being of children, youth, and their families and to protecting every child from harm. CWLA engages in a wide variety of programs and public awareness activities aimed at strengthening the management and operation of local agencies and shaping new, more effective approaches to working with children. In partnership with its members, CWLA advocates for the advancement of public policy, sets and promotes standards for best practice, and delivers superior membership services, all toward the primary goal of ensuring the safety and well-being of children and families. CWLA serves as a national resource for publications and training pertaining to child welfare. Throughout its history, CWLA has been at the forefront of identifying and promoting emerging needs and evidence-based service delivery strategies whether it was kinship care or identifying the special needs of the LG BTQ_ community, children of prisoners, or immigrant families. CWLA uses the knowledge of its members in combination with the most recent research and evaluation to foster continuous improvement of the system. It is for this reason that addressing the impact of exposure to trauma experienced by the children and families involved with the child welfare system has been prioritized. The impact of trauma on children, their families, and the communities where they live is a major factor in the ability to support the system in achieving its interconnected goals of safety, permanence, and well-being. A Strategic Partnership In 2005, the NCTSN and CWLA formed a strategic partnership based upon identifying potential areas for collaboration and sustainable activities in support of traumatized children within the child welfare system. The partnership was launched with a five-session teleconference series for CWLA members on child traumatic stress. Presentations covered a range of topics including (1) the Developmental Impact of Child Traumatic

15 November 2016 Page 2 of 5 ProQuest

Stress, (2) Trauma- Informed Child Welfare Practice, (3) Strategies to Improve Trauma Practice in Residential Treatment Centers: Integrated Residential Intervention, (4) Schools-Based Models for Working with Children Exposed to Trauma, and (5) Understanding Current Evidence-Based Practices for Child Sexual Abuse: Traum a- Focus ed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (http://tfcbt.musc.edu). In addition, two trauma-related preconference institutes titled "Trauma-Focused Components Based Treatment for Children who Have Been Sexually Abused" and "Creating Sanctuary: Trauma Informed Care in Residential Treatment Centers" (www.sanctuaryweb.com) were held in conjunction with the first CWLA national conference on mental health. In 2006, National Center staff presented at CWLAs Juvenile Justice Symposium on "Trauma Among Children and Adolescents in Juvenile Justice and Residential Settings." Since 2008, Network members have presented on multiple occasions at CWLAs annual Child Welfare Commissioners' Roundtable meetings on topics such as "Building TraumaInformed Systems and Practices for Children and Families in the Child Welfare System." In 2009, the work of several NCTSN centers was featured in CWLAs Children's Voice publication (www.cwla.org/voice/0903 stress.htm) in an article written by Julie Collins, CWLAs Director of Practice Excellence titled, "Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress: Emerging Approaches in Child Welfare.'"Ihe article discusses how child welfare workers are at high risk of developing Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) as a result of daily exposure to children and families who have experienced trauma while trying to meet the administrative requirements of their job as well as current initiatives in recognizing and addressing STS in the workforce. As the partnership has expanded, CWLA has promoted the NCTSN's Learning Center Speakers Series (http://learn.nctsn.org) among its members, contributed to the development of NCTSN products, and assisted with dissemination of NCTSN resources. Select members of CWLA have attended the NCTSN's All-Network Conference and actively participate in the NCTSN Foster Care Committee. Likewise, CWLA has reached out to NCTSN for assistance in reviewing guidelines for presentations at its yearly conference and Network members have regularly presented at their conference on a range of topics including the NCTSN Resource Parent Curriculum (www.nctsnet.org/products/caring-for-children-who-haveexperienced- trauma) and most recently on strategies for making child welfare systems more trauma-informed using the Breakthrough Series Learning Collaborative (Institute on Healthcare Improvement, 2003) methodology. Looking ahead to 2012, several Network members will be hosting pre-meeting and post-meeting training institutes at CWLAs national conference. This Special Issue, focused on identifying and intervening on behalf of children within the child welfare system who have been traumatized and their families, is a reflection of the richness of this collaboration on a variety of challenging issues facing the child welfare field. It is representative of the strength of this strategic partnership and speaks to the importance of cross collaboration between mental health and child welfare service systems. Robert S. Pynoos John A. Fairbank Christine James-Brown References References Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloître, M., DeRosa, R., Hubbard R., Kagan R., Liautaud, J., Maliah K., Olafson, E.,0cvan der Kolk, B. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35, 390-398. Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R, Turner, H., &Hamby, S. (2005). Measuring poly-victimization using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Child Abuse &Neglect, 29, 1297-1312. Garland, A. F., Hough, R. L., McCabe, K., Yeh, M., Wood, P. A., Oc Aarons, G. A (2001). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in youths across five sectors of care. Journal of the American Academy of Child &Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 409-418.

15 November 2016 Page 3 of 5 ProQuest

Graham-Bermann, S. A. (2002). Child abuse in the context of domestic violence. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix, C.Jenny, OcT. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed., pp. 119-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Guterman,N. B.,Cameron,M.,ocHahm,H. C. (2003). Community violence exposure and associated behavior problems among children and adolescents in residential treatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6, 111-135. Halfon, N., Zepeda, A,oclnkelas, M. (2002, September). Mental health services for children in foster care (Policy Brief No. 4). Retrieved August 2006, from the UCLA Center for Healthier Children, Families and Communities Web site: http://healthychild.ucla.edu/ Publications/ChildrenFosterCare/Documents. Hartley, C. C. (2002). The co-occurrence of child maltreament and domestic violence: Examining both neglect and child physical abuse. Child Maltreatment, 7, 349-358. Igelman, R., Taylor, N., Gilbert, A., Ryan, B., Steinberg, A. M., Wilson, C., &Mann, G. (2007). Creating more trauma-informed services for children using assessment-focused tools. Child Welfare Journal of Policy, Practice, and Programs, 86, 15-33. Institute on Healthcare Improvement (2003). The breakthrough Series: IHl 's collaborative model for achieving breakthrough improvement [IHI Innovation Series white paper]. Boson: Author. Kelley, S. J. (2002). Child maltreatment in the context of substance abuse. InJ. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix C. Jenny, OcT. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd éd., pp. 105-117) Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Leslie, L. K., Hurburt, M. S., Landsverk, J., Earth, R., Oc Slymen, D. J. (2004). Outpatient mental health services for children in foster care: A national perspective. Child Abuse O" Neglect, 28, 697-712. Taylor, N., Wilson, C., &Ingelman, R. (2006). In pursuit of a more trauma-informed child welfare system. APSAC Advisor, 18(2), 4-9. Subject: Children & youth; Child welfare; Foster care; Public policy; Core curriculum; Schools; Domestic violence; Alliances; Sex crimes; Conferences; Trauma; MeSH: Child, Child Abuse -- psychology, Child Welfare, Foster Home Care -- psychology, Humans, Public- Private Sector Partnerships, Stress Disorders, Traumatic -- psychology, Child Abuse -- rehabilitation (major), Foster Home Care -- methods (major), Stress Disorders, Traumatic -- rehabilitation (major) Publication title: Child Welfare Volume: 90 Issue: 6 Pages: 11-7 Number of pages: 7 Publication year: 2011 Publication date: Nov/Dec 2011 Year: 2011 Publisher: Child Welfare League of America, Inc. Place of publication: Arlington Country of publication: United States Publication subject: Social Services And Welfare, Psychology, Sociology, Medical Sciences--Psychiatry And Neurology, Children And Youth - About

15 November 2016 Page 4 of 5 ProQuest

ISSN: 00094021 CODEN: CHWFAS Source type: Scholarly Journals Language of publication: English Document type: Feature, Introductory Journal Article Document feature: References Accession number: 22533039 ProQuest document ID: 1016363401 Document URL: http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1016363401?accountid=12085 Copyright: Copyright Child Welfare League of America, Inc. Nov/Dec 2011 Last updated: 2015-08-08 Database: ProQuest Central,ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection

_______________________________________________________________ Contact ProQuest Copyright  2016 ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. - Terms and Conditions

15 November 2016 Page 5 of 5 ProQuest