Paraphrasing And Editing A Literature Review

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Communication Security

Title Page

Many researchers have proposed communication security through context aware security provisioning as possible solution to overcome the problems of ubiquitous social systems. Literature review shows that researchers argue that the existing context aware security approaches are not based on a clear and complete understanding of the context relevant to security, this is according to Bai et al. (2010), and Jung (2012). On the contrary context aware security provisioning arises from activities relevant to security and is thus specific to the security domain. In addition, the existing approaches utilize only part of the available contextual information. Bai et al. (2010), Bandrelli et al. (2009), Johnson et al. (2011), and Riva et al. (2012). This can be cumbersome, error-prone and furthermore can jeopardize the validity of security service.

Only a few works have defined security context. Johnson (2011) acknowledged the definition of context and security as any information that characterizes the situation of an entity and has security implications. However Dey et al. (2011) argues that our definition of security context combines the notion of security and context. It further emphasizes the dynamic nature of context and role activities. There is however an emerging trend, which demands that businesses provide a flexible access to its services so as to increase their usage by a much wider cross-section of users this is in spite of the rising security service, demands.

However review of related literature shows that the notion of Trusted Personal Device has emerged. Henkel et al. (2007), but then, trust management functionality must be an integral part of the whole services architecture, especially within the client domain. Users ought to access remote personal computing services.

Communication Security

Moreover further research is exploring the utilization of the virtualization for virtual machine, Smith J, Nair (2010), and Ausell (2007), for advanced access control and facilitating most management within entrusted environments of host computers.

In addition, technical contents provided the stimuli for research into a new generation of smart card known as the network smart card Aussel (2007). Indeed, the network smart card technology has progressed in recent years. It has been discovered that although the TPDs use current technologies, to achieve their desired objectives, virtualization, as it becomes more ubiquitous, will be dominant technology influencing future generation Smith J, and Nair (2010).

Communication security emphasizes User’s adaption of free Third-Party Security Apps.

Technology acceptance and technology adoption are both critical factors in the early stages of an emerging technology’s diffusion process. The two however represent individual’s two distinct decision-making process.

Literature reviewed suggest two causes of research including the individual’s awareness perspective and the individual’s trust perspective are more appropriate for investigating the motivational factors of individual motivational factors. Chen, C et al. (2006), D’Arcy, et al. (2009), and also Diner, T. and Hu, Q., (2007) Researchers further argue that individual’s information security is positively associated with the individual’s information security sensations. Bulgurcu et al. (2010) and, Lee and Kozar (2008). An individual’s threat awareness of security breaches that lead to unauthorized information Johnson A.C. et al. (2010)

Communication Security

Therefore a person who is aware of a security threat is likely to take preventive action Chen, C et al. (2006) before the actual threat occurs Sriramach and Ramurthy et al. (2006) argue that a

system user’s threat awareness could significantly influence the users two aspects of behavior; Tactical defense behaviors and technical defense behaviors.

Finally Edmondson et al. (2013) argues that individuals actually experience a learning process in which he/she will not only receive the emergency of a new technology. Previous showers; Ba

et al. (2012) and Gefen (2010) do separate an individual’s trust into propensity to trust and institutional trust.

An important question to researchers is whether business students do practice smartphone security. The mobile Internet is expected to be higher than the desktop Internet. In the very near future according to Meeker et al. (2010) smartphones use thereof increased tremendously especially among college students because it is the only device that can be used to access campus resources.

Researchers argue that the potential explosion of mobiles in campuses will call for concerns about security ramifications. Gonick (2010) and Ingerman and Yang (2011). They argue that security will be one of the top IT issues in institutions of higher learning. This is so because Smartphones are vulnerable to many types of threats Keizer, G., (2010).

Pranko (2009) identifies four types of security threats to smart phones, these include but not limited to: viruses, fraud, hacking and denial of service. Several studies have examined the computer security practices of college students. Teer, Kruck and Kruck (2007).

Communication Security

The conclusion arrived at highlighted that students left their personal computers vulnerable to attacks this is according to Lomo-David and Shannon (2009). More recently, Mensch and Wilkie (2011) reported that there was a troubling attitude on information security, behaviors and tool

usage. There was need for change of attitude and a campaign for students to be more careful with mobile tools of communication.

It has been discovered that dangerous Wi-Fi access point and attacks to benign smartphone applications are serious issues. The technology of mobile phones has advanced over the years it is now almost comparable to mobile computers. Owing to this, smartphones can now perform several functions.

Simon and Slay (2010) first defined ubicomp as actualizing. Virtual reality by using invisible computing. Research says that the most important characteristics of ubicomp are context-aware computing. Rogers (2005), Poland (2009) and Android official Blug (2012).

Previous research shows that every Android application has permission information that is approved by the user Orthacker (2012).

The permissions are defined separately for each API that has a risk of being exploited Felt AP, et al (2012). However, most users do not understand the risk of approving the permission to applications Barrera D, et al (2010) and Buugrel S, et al (2012).

Nevertheless, the permission based model is vulnerable to privilege escalation attacks. Zafft, Agu, (2012) and Hupang, et al. (2008). More so, in the wireless network an adversary can easily break into an end-user and the ISP Aime et al. (2012) and Hwangh et al. (2008).

Communication Security

Another way is use of Aps. An adversary can easily install APs in public places and thus catch victims who are not aware Chin et al. (2011). An adversary can catch innocent victims in public places like hotels, airport, and Coffee shops and even in the bank. In particular, smartphone users are required to pay attention.

An important aspect is the Digital evidence discovery of network multimedia smart devices based on social networking activities. As mobile, computing infrastructure became pervasive ubiquitous reliable and robust, networked smart devices currently call for more flexibility, functionality, portability and mobility than ever.

Research indicates net social skills have migrated from traditional face-to-face interaction to cyber space and technology intensive activities. Toore, P. (2008), Kryvinska N. et al (2010), Nanl, Guanling (2009), Troshynski (2008) and Recently Digital Forensics (DF) has been extensively applied to investigate computer related criminal cases. For networked mobile Computing devices, the physical memory is volatile in its nature. Lees, et al. (2009) and Simon M, and Slay (2009).

Nowadays, Facebook is considered a predominant SNS platform. This means not many smart devices can access Facebook via ubiquitous network connections. Thus, the urgent necessity of DF for mobile networked communication devices is relatively challenging Lees (2009), Dormingwez-Sal D. et al. (2010), Dwyer C, et al. (2007), Elison et al. (2007), Skeels, Grudin J (2009), Solin A, (2009), and Xiongl (2011).

DF specialists are capable of disclosing digital trails that could be the key evidence in cracking some criminal activities. There are calls to mobile users to Only Play in the Comfort Zone.

Communication Security

Smartphones are sometimes shared devices, according to Karlson et al. (2009). However our assumption is that users do care about security and privacy as long as it does not cause additional burden. Literature review shows that to increase security awareness, different visualizations have been proposed, Dhamija R. Tygar (2005). There is increasing concern of security relevant issues either through exploitable bugs, Davi et al (2011), Hobarth (2011) or sandbox restrictions. Engers (2012). Engers et al. (2012) provides a classification of threats to mobile services. Lack of awareness for security updates has been identified as problematic, Kranz et al., (2013), Moller et al. (2012). But our major concern is owner threats according to Rield et al. (2013).

Stajano et al. (2008) suggests a multi user operating system with multiple sessions, while Felske, Helmuth (2007), Present an extension to the X windowing system to indicate the security context an application window belongs to. From a technical implementation point of view security zones can be implemented by virtualization. Brakensiek et al (2008), Hwang et al. (2008) and Riedl et al (2013). Bragdon et al. (2011) analyzed touch screen gesture designs under different conditions. Research suggests that the device hardware can be integrated. Wolf et al. (2012) found that drag and lift gestures can be executed. Still De luca et al. (2013) suggests that back of device interaction for patterns as unlock alternative is less prone to shoulder surfing attacks.

Researchers have also looked into Trust Based Authentication Scheme. Pervasive computing has contributed to improved daily life activities for independent models that have been carried out. Mihaela et al. (2007) proposes a new trust model for DEs people, by providing personalized services. There are several researches and studies about trust, which has several innovative

Communication Security

features. However Yan Lindsay et al. (2014) argues that trust is a measure of uncertainty. Yet, Yonglin et al (2010) proposes a novel of trust computation and management. Junhai et al. (2011)

further suggests that measurement and computation of trust is necessary to secure interactions between mobile nodes, which is crucial for the development of trust mechanisms.

According to Masthoff (2007), trust is a popular yet disputed topic in research communities. In his argument, he attempts to integrate existing knowledge on trust into a simple computation model.

Still, there is the Viability of Fee-based Email Services for Retail Customers. Unsecure free mail services face possible threats from spam, phishing and hacking. Email users need to be aware of these costly malpractices. Communication security parse is very vital. Research shows that organizational security systems and ant-virus systems among others increase an individual’s intention to protect their computers. Lee and Larsen (2009). Dhillon and Torkzadeh (2006) demonstrated the importance of going beyond technical considerations and adopting organizationally grounded values to achieve IS security in organizations. Several studies have shown that threat appraisal, Anderson (2010), Lee and Larsen (2009), Rifon et al. (2008), Coping appraisal Lee and Larsen (2009), Rifon et al. (2008), Self- efficacy, Anderson, Agarwal, Johnston and Warkentin, (2010) and Workman et al. (2008) are some of the factors that motivate computer users to adopt tools to protect their systems. This has been encouraged because it ensures the safety of our communication tools. The Trust models, according to researchers allow for fast boot strapping by importing existing trust relationships from outside DE systems.

However, related literature argues that, with the growing popularity of mobile and hoc networks, (MANET), many security concerns have risen. This is according to Lagesse et al. (2009).

Communication Security

Security zones are an established concept. Bragdon et al (2011), suggests a multi-user operating system with multiple sessions. Increasing users’ responsibility in ensuring information security demands not only knowledge on awareness towards security issues but requires to increase the role and value of user Cisco (2013)

Conclusion

In the view of the above arguments, it is imperative to observe that communication security, is a very important aspect in today’s world, though many people may not take it with the seriousness

It deserves. Technology experts go through a lot of research and investigation to determine what works for their users.

Needless to say, in the near past we have made tremendous strides in promoting communication security strategy so we won’t keep worrying who hacked our mails or interfered with our mobile phones, this research will go a long way to enlightening people on the need for security of our communication. Once we achieve communication security, then we will be free to access information as we need.

Communication Security

References

Bai G. (2010) Context – aware usage for control for droid. Jajodia, S. S. Zhou, J. (eds) Security and Privacy in communications network Lecture notes of Institute of Computer Science, social information and Telecommunications Engineering Vol 50.

Bandinelli- M, (2009) Context aware security framework for next generation mobile networks. In: Schmidt, A, Lian S (eds) Security and Privacy in Mobile and communication systems.

Becher M. (2011). Mobile security catching up? Revealing the nuts and bolts of the security of mobile devices: In: IEEE Symposium on security and Privacy.

Bragdon A,(2011) Experiment analysis of touch screen gestures design in mobile environment. In: Proceedings of CHI.ACM.

Bell G., Danish P. (2009) Yesterday’s, tomorrow’s notes of an ubiquitous computing dominant vision. Pers ubiquit comput.

Cisco (2013) Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Focused Update, 2012-2017.

De Luca A, (2013) Back of Device Authentication on Smart Phone in: Proceedings of CHI.ACM

Egners (2012) Messing with Androids Permission model. In: Proceedings of the Trustcom. IEEE.

Hachem. S. (2007) Policy – based access control in mobile social ecosystems. In: Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium of policies of Distributed Systems.

10 Henkel M.et al (2007) towards guidelines for evolution of service environments Int. J Public Information System