Enviormintal hw
Noaf18
masters_9a.pptxMasters 9A
Solid Waste Management and
Resource Recovery
Types of Solid Waste
Solid waste – wastes that aren’t liquid or gaseous, such as durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging, food scraps, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous inorganic wastes.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) – solid waste from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.
Garbage or food waste – animal and vegetable residue resulting from the preparation, cooking, and serving of food.
Other waste – wastes from construction, automobile bodies, combustion ash, and industrial process wastes, etc.
Types of Solid Waste
Solid wastes
(refuse)
Other wastes (construction, auto bodies, industrial wastes, etc.)
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
Garbage
(food waste)
Rubbish
Noncombustible
Trash (combustible)
MSW Generation in the US
In 2005, total municipal solid waste generation was 246 million tons:
34.2% Paper and paperboard
13.1% Yard trimmings
11.9% Food scraps
11.8% Plastics
7.6% Metals
7.3% Rubber, leather, and textiles
5.7% Wood
5.2% Glass
3.4% Other
MSW Generation in the US
In 2011, total municipal waste generation was 250 million tons:
28.0% Paper and paperboard
14.5% Food waste
13.5% Yard trimmings
12.7% Plastics
8.8% Metals
8.2% Rubber, leather, and textiles
6.4% Wood
4.6% Glass
3.3% Other
MSW Generation in the US
In 2012, total municipal waste generation was 251 million tons:
27.4% Paper and paperboard
14.5% Food waste
13.5% Yard trimmings
12.7% Plastics
8.9% Metals
8.7% Rubber, leather, and textiles
6.3% Wood
4.6% Glass
3.4% Other
Solid Waste Management
An approach called integrated solid waste management is intended to help guide decisions about the generation of wastes, recycling of materials, and the ultimate disposal of waste residues.
The goals of integrated solid waste management is to:
Reduce the amount of solid waste that has to be burned or buried.
Reduce pollution associated with mining, use, and disposal of resources.
Reduce the rate of consumption of scarce resources.
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Source Reduction
Reduce toxicity
Less packaging
Product reuse
More durable products
On-site mulching and composting
Recycling
Collecting
Processing
Using recycled materials in products
Composting
Disposal
Combustion with energy recovery
Landfill
Incineration without energy recovery
Source Reduction
“Garbage that is not produced does not have to be collected.”
Methods of source reduction:
Material selection: evaluating the environmental impacts associated with the acquisition, processing, use, and retirement of the materials under consideration.
Product system life extension: products that don’t wear out quickly don’t have to be replaced as often, meaning resources are saved and less waste is generated.
Material life extension: recycling and recovering materials that may have value and saving after the life of a product (take back programs)
Source Reduction
Methods of source reduction (cont.)
Reduced material intensiveness: reducing the amount and/or toxicity of material required to make a given product.
Process management: better managing of energy use and material use to reduce waste and wasted energy.
Efficient distribution: considering methods of packaging and transportation that affect the overall energy and environmental impact associated with those products
Lifecycle Assessment
Raw materials extraction
Materials processing
Product manufacturing
Packaging and distribution
Product use
Disposal
Product reuse
Product remanufacture
Materials recycle
Energy
Raw Materials
Water, air
Air emissions
Water effluents
Solid wastes
Heat
Energy recovery
Lifecycle Assessment
Reusing a product in the same application for which it was originally intended saves energy and resources (like grocery bags and plastic/glass containers).
Remanufacturing a product is the process of restoring a product to like-new condition that is equal in quality to new units (involves the cleaning and refurbishing of reusable parts).
Recycling a product is the process of recovering materials from the waste stream and reprocessing them so they become raw materials for new applications.
