BIOLOGY WORK

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EXTRA CREDIT PORTFOLIO GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN ABOUT SOME PROGRAMS THAT YOU WILL FIND USEFUL AND GET EXTRA CREDIT POINTS AT THE SAME TIME. SINCE I DON’T KNOW WHAT VERSION OF MICROSOFT OFFICE YOU MAY BE USING, THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE HAS TUTORIALS FOR THE MOST COMMONLY USED VERSIONS: Microsoft Office Tutorials http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/support/training-FX101782702.aspx

1. THERE ARE 4 PARTS WHICH RESULT IN DOCUMENTS THAT YOU MUST PRINT OUT AND TURN IN ON TIME

2. FOR FULL CREDIT YOU MUST FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS THAT GO WITH EACH PART.

3. ORGANIZE YOUR DOCUMENT. 4. REMEMBER THAT NEATNESS COUNTS!

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PART 1: CREATE AN EXCEL SPREADSHEET AND A LINE GRAPH OF THE FOLLOWING DATA:

Absorption of Different Wavelengths of Visible Light by the Spinach Chlorophyll Extract

Wavelength (in nm) Absorbance 400 1.1 420 1.3 440 1.2 460 0.9 480 0.6 500 0.4 520 0.3 540 0.1 560 0.1 580 0.2 600 0.3 620 0.5 640 0.8 660 1.2 680 1.6 700 1.4

When you have completed the graph and worksheet, print out a copy.

HINT: Use SCATTER PLOT to plot the points, THEN have EXCEL “connect the dots” (your line graph). PART 2: CREATE A SHORT POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Your presentation should be between FOUR (4) and SEVEN (7) slides. 2. At least ONE slide should have an illustration. Your E-book for this class gives you access to many useful illustrations.

However, you may use illustrations from any source (give a reference to that source. 3. The last slide should contain your references (books, articles, Internet sites you used to construct your presentation. 4. Print out your presentation

TOPIC: How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells alike? How are they different? Example of possible outline: (DO NOT COPY THIS!) SIMILARITIES: 1. They both have DNA as their genetic material. 2. They are both membrane bound. 3. They both have ribosomes . 4. They have similar basic metabolism . 5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms. DIFFERENCES: 1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not 2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells. 4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes. 5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none made of peptidoglycan. 6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held within its nucleus and associated with histones (proteins) 7. Eukaryotes undergo mitosis; prokaryotes divide by binary fission (simple cell division)

SOURCE: Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. http://www.invive.com/cells.html

PART 3: DO A LITERATURE SEARCH: Pick ONE the following topics: A) DNA repair B) RNAi (RNA “interference”) . Other key words for this topic: microRNA, siRNA C) cancer D) apoptosis (programmed cell death) E) evolutionary development (“evo-devo”) INSTRUCTIONS:

1. You are restricted to peer-reviewed journals. To find what you need use PubMed (from NCBI or the National Center for Biotechnology Information), Science Direct , Google Scholar and university library journal databases (you can search all public university databases on-line).

2. Retrieve five (5) articles and record them (authors, title, journal, publication date, pages) 3. Record the search engine or database that gave you a particular article.

EXAMPLE: • Fabian MR, Sonenberg N, Filipowicz W. Regulation of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs. Annu

Rev Biochem. 2010; 79:351-79. (Review) • Search Engine: PubMed

4. Print out the list of articles/search engines plus ONE of the articles for your portfolio. PART 4: TRANSLATING A DNA SEQUENCE INTO A PROTEIN Go to this website: http://biotools.umassmed.edu/cgi-bin/biobin/transeq Once a scientist sequences a piece of DNA, the sequence can be “translated” into a protein sequence: Here’s a portion of the human beta-hemoglobin gene: ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACTGCCCTGTGGGGCAAGGTGAACGTGGATGA AGTTGGT Type in or copy/paste the sequence above into the window (DNA sequence in the illustration translates into:) INSTRUCTIO 1. Copy/Past

Word doc 2. Undernea

the protein translation

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