5 pages essay about what I learned about philosophy
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word_definition_and_analysis_0.docxRunning head: WORD DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS
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WORD DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS
WORD DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS
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Word definition and analysis
1. Euphemism
a. Euphemism is substituting an indirect or an unclear expression for one that could be offensive. Some expressions could be considered a direct attack upon an individual or a situation. To make the idea given appear mild and less harmful, a different and more polite word is chosen. It promotes pleasantness in utterances.
b. According to the pastor of Trinity Church in Arizona, Mark Driscoll, polygamy may soon come back into common practice if the traditional definition of “one man one woman” marriages keep vanishing at the rate that it is in modern-day America. Voicing his disappointment at the recent acceptance of gay rights across America, the pastor feels that soon people will demand all kinds of marriages that are not in accordance with “God's plan.” Source http://www.worldreligionnews.com/issues/mark-driscoll-thinks-next-social-battle-will-be-for-polygamist-rights.
c. A good example of euphemism in religion is the talk about polygamy. The pastor of Trinity church uses polite rather than derogatory language in communicating the adversities associated with polygamy in the society. He uses …in accordance with God’s plan… rather than “immoral” to address the institution of marriage.
2. Dysphemism
b. Once again reiterating his stand on gossip and rumor-mongering, the pope said that 'a gossip is a terrorist'. By using gossip and rumors and spreading them through media, he scolded the gathering for letting journalism become the devil's “tongue.” The pope went to say that journalism should spread productive news, news that safeguards and protects the people rather than create strife, misunderstandings and arguments between people
Source http://www.worldreligionnews.com/issues/pope-francis-journalism-is-the-devils-tongue-gossip-is-terrorism.
c. A good example of dysphemism in religion can be seen in the pope’s utterance regarding journalists. According to him, journalists are doing a dangerous job of causing strife and contentions among people bay spreading rumors that do not serve the interests of people as appropriate. He therefore has spoken saying that journalism has become the devil’s tongue.
3. Persuasive comparison
a. A persuasive comparison compares two things to enable one to take a perspective regarding the things of interest. The intention is persuading an individual to take a particular stance on the subject matter. The comparison gives details about every subject matter to enable making of choices. One is directed towards taking a perspective that best suits their interest.
b. According to an interview he did with The Hollywood Reporter, he was raised religiously. During his promotion for The Tree of Life, he opened up about his childhood, letting the world know that he was raised “being told things were God’s way, and when things didn’t work out it was called God’s plan.” Over the years, he grew uneasy, saying he was “probably 20% Atheist and 80% Agnostic. I don’t think anyone really knows. You’ll either find out or not when you get there, and until then there’s no point in thinking about it.” However, Brad Pitt found himself changing after the 90’s, when he felt himself spiraling downward. “I was hiding out from the celebrity thing; I was smoking way too much dope; I was sitting on the couch and just turning into a doughnut.” source http://www.worldreligionnews.com/religion-news/atheism/angelina-jolie-now-believes-in-god-while-brad-pitts-religion-is-still-undecided.
c. . A good example of persuasive comparisons in religion is comparing the cases of the two people presented in this article. They give different accounts of their upbringing and the matters hat influenced their decisions to become believers. Comparing the two situations, one would easily choose which situation is best for them when it comes to making choices in religious maters.
4. Persuasive explanations
a. Persuasive explanations are explanations that purport to describe the commonly acceptable meaning of given terms. They provide fine details about subject matter to enable the listener to comprehend it fully. Proper guidelines are given in the course of explanation to influence the listeners. They aim at influencing and convincing listeners on common aspects of concern.
b. Jesus never mentioned gays or abortion but focused on the sick and the poor, yet some Christian leaders have prospered by demonizing gays. Muhammad raised the status of women in his time, yet today some Islamic clerics bar women from driving, or cite religion as a reason to hack off the genitals of young girls. Buddha presumably would be aghast at the apartheid imposed on the Rohingya minority by Buddhists in Myanmar.This paragraph connects with the word in that it describes the necessity of persuading someone through giving clear explanations to win their support in an aspect that requires proper and competent evidence.
Source http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/opinion/sunday/what-religion-would-jesus-belong-to.html.
c. A good example of persuasive explanation in religion is reckoning on what religion Jesus would belong to. Persuasive explanations have been given regarding Jesus, Muhammad and Buddha. Victimizing people just because of the status or opinions is not necessary and should be approached diligently. Jesus taught about doing good to others and not subjecting others to pain or suffering
5. Persuasive definition
a. Persuasive definition explains a true meaning of a term. This happens while stipulating an uncommon or altered use of a given term. It support an argument for a particular view win which case it is possible to create or change rights, crimes, or responsibilities. They influence the perceptions that people develop after listening to the content.
b. Pope Francis later explained his remarks in an interview with Italian journalist Andrea Tornielli."On that occasion I said this: If a person is gay and seeks out the Lord and is willing, who am I to judge that person?" he told Tornielli, according to The National Catholic Reporter. "I was paraphrasing by heart the Catechism of the Catholic Church where it says that these people should be treated with delicacy and not be marginalized."
c. A good example of persuasive definition is the explanation of what pope francis meant in an earlier speech. It explains that whatever direction one chooses concerning gay stance is their own and no one should judge them. This clearly defines the popes stance on gay rights as neutral.
6. Stereotypes
a. A stereotype is a commonly held and highly oversimplified image regarding a particular type of a person or a thing. It is a conventionally determined way of viewing things in a commonly known perspective. It involves an idea that is widely accepted as the truth about a situation, condition, or a person. A stereotype defines a situation in distinct ways.
b. For those who believe that Islamophobia is a hyped myth, here is an experience that provides a new perspective. Pakistani-British actor Riz Ahmed recently spoke out about his experiences as being a non-white and a Muslim in a post 9/11 world. The star of HBO's The Night Of, Ahmed's career path was never easy and strewn with unhappy incidents of stereotypical discrimination and racial hatred. source. http://www.worldreligionnews.com/religion-news/islam/the-night-of-star-riz-ahmed-shares-his-muslim-reality-in-the-essay-typecast-as-a-terrorist.
c. A perfect example of stereotypes in religion is evident in the notion that different people and religions have concerning Muslims. Muslims are considered as a religion that propagates terrorism. This has resulted from the many cases of Muslim affiliated groups that have consistently engaged in mass killings of innocent people in different nations across the globe.
7. Innuendo
a. Innuendo is a hint that is usually suggestive. In most cases, an innuendo is derogatory and intends to annoy or arouse the emotions negatively. It may suggest negative things such as the indication that someone has done something immoral. The essence is usually to give a wrong idea.
b. This is also reflective of the chasm between the Pope and the Catholics in America. Pope Francis has given a call to Catholics to openly accept Muslims and to not equate Islam with terrorism. The Pope has hit the news many times for welcoming refugees and urging leaders to treat them well. However, these policies of the Pope do not seem to have reached the American Catholics, who continue to see Islam as a violent religion.
c. An appealing example of innuendo in religion is the referring of Islam to a violent religion. Some Catholics in the US have not been able to associate Muslim with anything good based on the history of some of the radical Muslim sects that have shaken he world through violence. As a result, they have constantly referred to Islam as a violent religion something which arouses discontentment among different Muslim groups.
8. Weaselers
a. Weaselers constitute words or expressions which pose misleading questions through using such words as perhaps or possibly. Such words and expressions tend to focus on the intentions of the speaker without necessarily determining the real situations. These only suggest something without having to say it precisely. They therefore influence one to think in that direction and suggested.
b. On August 29, inside an Exeter bookstore, Governor Kasich spied a Harry Potter paperback. He asked his companions and the assembled gathering whether they were aware that Daniel Radcliffe is an atheist. He further added that it was a mystery to him that a successful person like Radcliffe could turn out to be an atheist. Kasich also asked what was wrong with the movie star. The Republican implied that successful individuals should not be atheists. Source http://www.worldreligionnews.com/religion-news/atheism/atheists-demand-apology-from-kasich-for-daniel-radcliffe-remarks.
c. A perfect example of weaselers in religion is the case on a gubernatorial aspirant who spoke misleading statements about Daniel Radcliffe. He asked people whether they were aware that Daniel was an atheist. This is misleading in the sense that everyone has a right to make religious choices that best suit them.
9. Downplayers
a. Downplayers are words that tend to belittle the status of a person, a situation or a well recognized attribute so that it appears less effective. These words challenge the eligibility of a thing or a person in their current position. They are disapproving statements that aim at altering the reputation of something. Downplayers degrade the level of a person by lowering their stand in the eyes of others.
b. Not only do Americans support gay marriage and job protections for LGBT people, but they reject so-called bathroom bills barring transgender individuals from using the restroom of their choice and religious freedom laws allowing business owners to deny services to certain people if providing that service would violate their faith.
c. A good example of a downplayer in religion is the statement about the views on gay rights. A bill that is proposed to put barriers for this group has been referred to as “so-called” This statement is used to reduce the importance of the Bill. This relates to the word downplayer in that it is a statement that makes the subject of less appeal and significance.
10. Proof Surrogate
a. Proof surrogate constitutes an expression suggesting evidence to support an individual’s claim without giving evidence. Claims are made but one does not exactly provide evidence to prove the authenticity of the claim. There is no relevant support given regarding a claim and this demeans its significance. It tries to convince people that one has actual reason about a subject matter.
b. Mr. Trump’s bravado can be traced to what he learned inside Marble Collegiate Church in Manhattan, according to Gwenda Blair, the author of “The Trumps,” a multigenerational portrait of the family, and one of our guests on the show. At the church, a charismatic minister named Norman Vincent Peale preached a theology of positive thinking, the rejection of negative thoughts and relentless self-promotion. Sound familiar? “ He was known as God’s salesman, but it was really selling the idea of success,” Ms. Blair says of Dr. Peale.
Source http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/podcasts/religion-faith-clinton-trump.html.
c. A good example of proof surrogate in religion is refereeing to trump as the God’s salesman. This claim has no evidence attached to it as there is no proper connection with what trump is doing. A God’s salesmen would be expected to go around winning souls for God and not winning votes from the electors.
11. Hyperbole
a. Hyperbole involves exaggerating ideas in a bid to emphasize. Such language usually describes something as being better or even worse than it is. Something is made to sound bigger than it actually is. Such statements should not e taken seriously as they do not reflect the truth.
b. One of the most surprising religious acts by Bieber is the time when he asked Pastor Judah Smith to preach during his concert. This was incident shocked Bieber's fans, and as such, him singing a gospel song during his concert may not have come as a surprise to most people. The singer even has a tattoo printed on his chest, together with the Hebrew version of the name Jesus, Yeshua. Source http://www.worldreligionnews.com/religion-news/christianity/justin-bieber-sings-christian-worship-song-at-paris-concert.
c. A perfect example of hyperbole in religion is the claim that Bieber the artist is a devout Christian. This goes ahead to say that he has a tattoo which reads Yeshua illustrating devotion to Christ. One therefore asks themselves, does what Bieber do reflect what Christ wants to be done by his followers? The idea that Bieber is a devout Christian is exaggerated.
