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6.beneficence_and_nonmaleficence.pptxBeneficence and Nonmaleficence
Providing benefits
Benefits and values
Kinds of benefits
Health
Wealth
Aesthetic
Professional
Educational
Healthcare providers have the duty to
*do good* and *avoid harm* to their patents.
Health vs. Other Benefits
The perspective of the healthcare provider:
* Maximize the health of the patient *
vs.
The perspective of the patient:
* Maximize the overall well-being *
The Enhancement Debate
Non-medical benefits from medical treatment
Physical enhancement
Athletics
Cognitive enhancement
Pharmacological enhancement
Aesthetic enhancement
Plastic surgery
Benefits vs. Harms
When high benefits come with high risk, we have the following options:
Calculate the “net” good
Maximize the ratio between benefit and harm
Nonmaleficence overrides beneficence
Calculate the “net” good:
* (4 – 2) > (2 – 1) * Therefore, Course of Treatment 2 is to be preferred to Course of Treatment 1.
Maximize the ratio between benefit and harm
* (2/1) = (4/2) * Therefore, Course of Treatment 1 is equally beneficial to Course of Treatment 2.
Nonmaleficence overrides beneficence
* 1 < 2 * Therefore, Course of Treatment 1 is to be preferred to Course of Treatment 2.
Benefiting Others
Benefits to society
Benefits to specific non-patients
Benefits to the profession
Benefits to the health professional and the health professional’s family
