behaviors orgnaization

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Manager’s skills and functions

Importance of interpersonal skills

What is OB & how is it studied?

Disciplines contributing to OB?

Lecture outline

What do managers do?

LET’S REFRESH SOME OF YOUR MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE

Basically: They get things done through other people.

Management Activities include:

–Make decisions

–Allocate resources

–Direct activities of others to achieve goals

–& they work in an organization

What do Managers do?

What are the management functions or Managerial functions?

Another question for you !

1- Planning: defining organizational goals and setting strategies

2- Organizing: determine tasks and matching them with people

3- Leading: motivating and directing others

4- Controlling: evaluating and measuring standard with actual, making sure all is good

Managerial functions

So,

which Essential Skills do Manager’s need?

Technical: The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise

Human/ interpersonal: The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups

Conceptual: mental ability to analyze situations and solve problems.

Managerial skills

Understanding OB helps determine manager effectiveness

Technical skills are not enough, it is very important to develop managers’ interpersonal skills at workplace if we want to have high performing satisfied employees, pleasant and conducive work environment .

Technical and quantitative skills are important But leadership and communication skills are CRITICAL

The Importance of Interpersonal Skills

So.. What is Organizational behavior (OB)?!

A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and organization on behavior and attitudes within organizations, for the purpose of improving organizational effectiveness.

Organizational behavior

Three dimensions to OB:

Individuals, groups and organizational structure

( an increasingly complex building blocks)

Objective of OB:

Improved organizational effectiveness

OB uses applied knowledge to predict people behavior through:

Systematic Studies: looking at relationships, causes and effects and then drawing conclusions (time consuming)

Evidence- Based Management: managerial decisions based on scientific conclusions and evidence (systematic studies)

Intuition: using gut feeling, insight or common sense without being supported by research (not accurate, can not be generalized).

How is OB studied?

Psychology: the science that seeks to measure, explain and sometimes change the behavior of humans. It contributes to Ob in issues of motivation, personality, stress, satisfaction…

Social Psychology: an area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology, focusing on the influence of people on one another. It contributes to OB in issues of communication, attitude change, power and conflict…

Social Sciences/ Disciplines which contribute to OB

Sociology: the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture. It contributes to OB through issues of organizational culture, change, communication, power…

Anthropology: the study of societies to learn about humans and their activities, it contributes to OB in issues of cross cultural analysis, values and culture…

Social Sciences/ Disciplines which contribute to OB

Psychology: (the individual).

Social Psychology: (individual and another)

Sociology: (group, their culture and environment)

Anthropology: (societies and their activities)

Social Sciences/ Disciplines which contribute to OB

Responding to economic pressures,

Responding to globalization,

Managing workforce diversity:

Embracing diversity: challenge of being accommodative to diverse groups and addressing difference.

Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts,

Creating a Positive Work Environment,

Improving Ethical Behavior.

OB Challenges and Opportunities

Improving quality and productivity,

Improving customer services,

Improving people skills,

Stimulating Innovation and Change,

Coping with “Temporariness”,

Working in Networked Organizations.

OB Challenges and Opportunities cont.

The OB model has three levels of analysis:

Individual

Group

Organization

As we move from one level to the other, we add systematically to our understanding of OB (building blocks)

Developing an OB Model

Group Level

Organization Structure

Individual Level

1- The dependent Variables

2- The Independent Variables

Two types of variables at the OB model

Behaviour is how you act on things, while an attitude is a state of mind- how you think or feel..

The Dependent Variables:

A response that is affected by an independent variable. It is the key factor that needs explanation. Dependent variables include:

Productivity: when goals are achieved at the lowest cost, i.e. being efficient and effective.

Absenteeism: the failure to report to work. It is a huge cost and disruption to employers.

Turnover: voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization. It results in increased recruiting, selection and training costs.

Two types of variables at the OB model

Deviant Workplace Behaviour: voluntary behaviour that violates significant organizational norms and in so doing threatens the well- being of the organization or its members, also called antisocial behaviour or workplace incivility and is usually a response to dissatisfaction.

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: is a discretionary behaviour that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements, not necessarily promoting effectiveness of the organization but going beyond expectation.

ALL THESE VARIABLES ARE CONSIDERED BEHAVIOURS

Job Satisfaction: it represents an attitude rather than a behaviour and refers to a positive feeling about one’s job resulting from an evaluation of the job’s characteristics. Satisfied employees are more productive.

Two types of variables at the OB model

2. The Independent Variables:

The presumed cause of some change in a dependent variable. (the major determinants of dependent variables)

Individual Level Variables: understanding individuals and understanding their differences, since they impact behaviour in groups and organization.

Group Level Variables: group behaviour is the sum total of all individuals acting in their own way, yet people’s behaviour in groups is different from their behaviour when alone.

Organization Level Variables: organizations are the sum of their individuals and groups, adding formal structure and processes such as change, HR policies, internal culture, organization design…

Two types of variables at the OB model

After studying this lecture from chapter 1 you should be able to:

–Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.

–Describe the manager’s functions and skills.

–Define organizational behavior (OB)

-How is OB studied?

- Name some Disciplines which contribute to OB

Lecture review

You are required to write a story; explaining and analyzing how a certain independent variable ( at the individual, group or organization levels) affects a dependent variable (behaviour or attitude),

You will freely select your story from “ life” : from college, home, neighborhood, a book , a video/ movie, TV…etc. as long as the story has two clear dependent and independent variables.

You will finish with a conclusion that lists both variables and their relationship (cause and effect).

Assignment 1