Physics Labs

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Labs/Lab 2.docx

1. Lab 2: Maximum Range of a Projectile

Due at the end of Week 2

· All simulations can be downloaded here , this week's file name is “ATWOOD MACHINE.ip” .

For Lab 2, please review Chapter 3 in your textbook. This lab involves a projectile being fired upward at an angle to the horizontal. You are to program the spreadsheet Excel (a similar substitute software program is permissible) to determine the maximum injection angle, that will result in the greatest downrange distance, R. Assume v = 10 m/s and g is approximated as g = 10 m/s2. Fill in the data table, and answers for the blanks and complete the graph (properly labeled and θmax annotated) in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

{Hint: watch out for conversion problems from radians to degrees in Excel}.

· Fill in the blanks in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

· Submit this Lab Answer Sheet when all of the labs are completed.

· These can be scanned and sent as pdf or picture files (e.g. tif, gif, etc.) or by any other method of your choice as long as the Answer Sheets are legible and translatable by Grantham University faculty.

Access Excel. Your data table will look similar to that found for Lab 2 below. The injection angle, θ will go from 0 degrees to 90 degrees in steps of two (2) degrees. Once you have the range formula programmed for θ = use the “fill down” option in Excel to “distribute” the solutions to the other cells for the other angles. Include your completed full Excel data table with your Lab Answer Sheet. Then graph the data in order to construct a R. vs. θ graph. Denote on this graph, the maximum range, Rmax and the angle, θmax where this occurs. Be sure that your graph is properly labeled. For Lab 2 return your Lab Answer Sheet with: (1) completed Excel spreadsheet, and (2) graph of R vs. θ.

Labs/Lab 3.docx

· Lab 3: Atwood's Machine

Due at the end of Week 3

For Lab 3, please review Chapter 4 in your textbook. Lab 3 involves Atwood’s Machine.

In this simulation is 1.0 kg and is 1.1 kg. Mass rests on the floor that exerts a normal force, , on ∙ g = ). Then = _____.

· Fill in the blanks in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

· Submit this Lab Answer Sheet when all of the labs are completed.

Labs/Lab 4.docx

· Lab 4: Roller Coaster & Conservation of Energy

Due at the end of Week 4

For Lab 4, pleae review Chapter 6 in your textbook. This lab involves a roller coaster and its physics. This simulation can be downloaded.

In this simulation, an object traverses the “hills and valleys” of a frictionless roller coaster in the realm of zero air resistance.

You will be asked to find measurements and make calculations concerning total mechanical energy and whether it is conserved. Then you will then make some changes to the global air resistance for this simulation and answer the same questions as you did previously.

· All simulations can be downloaded here , this week's file name is “BALL ON ROLLER CSTR 4.ip” .

· Fill in the blanks in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

· Submit this Lab Answer Sheet when all of the labs are completed.

Run the simulation and complete the data tables and fill in the blanks on the Lab 4 Answer Sheet.

Labs/Lab 5.docx

· Lab 5: Work & Power

Due at the end of Week 5

link media="screen" href="https://content.grantham.edu/at/Styles/layout.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />

In Lab 5, please review Chapter 6. Chapter 6 involves walking up a flight of stairs and recording your time via a stopwatch or chronograph. You will be asked to make measurements and calculations for the total time to work the flight of stairs (at least 7 steps) and the vertical height of the stairs from the bottom to the top.

Please Note:There are TWO parts to this lab. The first for running up several steps, and the second to pretend you kept running for one hour. Additionally, your answers should be based on the cost of the runs in terms of ENERGY (KWH) and NOT POWER (kW).

· Fill in the blanks in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

· Submit this Lab Answer Sheet when all of the labs are completed.

The lab details follow:

Purpose:Determine your work and power as you climb a flight of stairs.

Materials:Yardstick, a stopwatch or digital/analog watch, bathroom scale, calculator, and you, the climber

Procedure:

· Estimate your mass in kg (Hint: 1 kg (mass) = 2.2 pounds (weight)).

· You should approach the bottom step of the stairs with a steady speed.

· You are to start the time as you reach the first stair and stop the clock when you reach the top

Observations and Data:

· Calculate the work and power for you to climb the flight of stairs

· Work (you) = _____; power (you) = ________

· Calculate your power in kilowatts: (P(kW) = _____.

Application:

· Your local electric company supplies you with 1 kW of power for 1 hour for 8 cents. Assume that you could climb these stairs continuously for 1 hour. How much money would this climb be worth? $_________.

· Transfer all answers to the Lab 4 Answer sheet.

Labs/Lab 6.docx

· Lab 6: Ballistic Pendulum

Due at the end of Week 6

For Lab 6, please review Chapter 7 in your textbook. Week 6 involves the ballistic pendulum.

In this simulation, an object (the projectile) strikes and becomes embedded in a block of wood suspended from the ceiling by two strings of negligible mass. You will be asked to read the measurement tables and make calculations concerning total mechanical energy and momentum (energy and momentum are conserved since friction and air resistance are absent). These measurements will result in the determination of the initial velocity of the projectile (actually the initial velocity and the velocity upon impact are identical).

Run the simulation and fill in the blanks below and copy over to the Lab 6 Answer Sheet. Find the time, t, that the bullet embedded in the block of wood reaches its maximum height. T = _____.

Q. If h = Δy = yf – yi, where h is the change in the height of the block at equilibrium to its maximum height, from the position measurement table h. h = ____________.

Q. Calculate the velocity of the bullet: v = _________.

· All simulations can be downloaded here , this week's file name is “BALLISTIC PENDULUM PO.ip” .

· Fill in the blanks in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

· Submit this Lab Answer Sheet when all of the labs are completed.

Labs/Lab 7.docx

· Lab 7: Wave Characteristics

Due at the end of Week 7

For Lab 7, please review Chapter 11 in your textbook. Week 7 invoices the wave characteristics analysis of two periodic cosine waves – one red and the other blue.

Run the simulation. You will use the data from the “Time” and “position” measurement tables to help fill in the wave characteristics blanks on the Lab Answer Sheet.

· All simulations can be downloaded here , this week's file name is “EXP #7 B4.ip” .

· Fill in the blanks in the Lab Answer Sheet at the end of this lab.

· Submit this Lab Answer Sheet when all of the labs are completed.

Labs/Lab 8.docx

· Lab 8: Thermodynamics

Due at the end of Week 8

Lab 8 involves using thermodynamics to calculate the work done in specific processes and the use this to determine the change in internal energy or the heat transfer via the first law of thermodynamics (ΔE = Q – W).

First start with an isothermal expansion at 2.0 atm from 1.0 L to 4.0 L. An isothermal process means the temperature of a system is constant and there is no internal energy change of the system. The formula describing an isothermal process is W = P*V(0) * ln(V(f)/V(0. (The proof of this formula comes from calculus and will not be shown here). A diagram of an isothermal process can be found in the textbook in Chapter 15.

If this system in now is adiabatically compressed back to its original volume, what is the change in internal energy here?

Also what are some examples of both of these processes in the everyday world?