Twentieth Century of Architecture research paper

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20th Century Architecture & Theory – Exam 1 Review

**NOTE: THIS OUTLINE DOES NOT CONTAIN EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR THE EXAM. IT IS INTENDED ONLY AS A GUIDE TO HELP YOU ORGANIZE YOUR STUDY MATERIAL FOR THE EXAM. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR EVERYTHING THAT WAS COVERED IN CLASS AND IN THE TEXTBOOKS.

Introduction Issues Dominance of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts Internationalization Otto Wagner Modernism characteristics

Tradition bears no authority Architects have an obligation to facilitate social and political progress A new architectural language is needed which embodies the Zeitgeist

Readings Wagner, “Modern Architecture” Berlage, “Foundations and Development of Architecture”

The Search for Modern Form

Issues Questioning the traditional role of ornament in architecture Search for nontraditional architecture Art Nouveau Viennese Secession Josef Hoffmann Charles Rennie Mackintosh Antoni Gaudi Terms Biomorphic Geomorphic Readings Van de Velde, “The New Ornament” Van de Velde, “Clarification of Principles”

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America Rediscovered: Tall and Wide Issues Radical shift in the centers of architecture

American productivity and technology Skyscrapers Louis Sullivan Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie School Terms Organic architecture Readings Sullivan, “The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered” Wright, “In the Cause of Architecture”

New Production, New Aesthetic Issues The Machine Age Deutscher Werkbund Relationship of artist and industry Mass production Standards or types Peter Behrens Walter Gropius Futurists Terms Sachlichkeit Readings Muthesius, “Style-Architecture and Building-Art” Schumacher, “The Reconquest of a Harmonious Culture”

In Search of a Language Issues Classicism and the modern world Ornament Terms Modernized Classicism National Romanticism

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Raumplan Readings Loos, “Ornament and Crime” Schumacher, “The Reconquest of a Harmonious Culture”

Expressionism in Weimar Germany and the Netherlands Issues German political and economic situation Expressionism Work Council for the Arts Erich Mendelsohn Michel de Klerk Terms: Crystalline architecture Amsterdam School Readings Work Council for Art, “Manifesto” Mendelsohn, “The Problem of a New Architecture”

Return to Order in Paris Issues Corbusier and Purism Influence of classicism Corbusier theory Five Points of a New Architecture Important Buildings Ozenfant Studio Domino System Maison Citrohan Villa Savoye Swiss Pavilion Terms L’Esprit Nouveau Vers Une Architecture Promenade architecturale Readings

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Corbusier, Toward an Architecture Corbusier & Jeanneret, “Five Points for a New Architecture”