P520 LRP
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annotated520.docxRunning Head: THE PERSONALITY AND COUNSELING THEORIES 1
THE PERSONALITY AND COUNSELING THEORIES 6
The personality and counseling theories
Name
25 September 2016
The personality and counseling theories
Introduction
There are five counseling theories that professionals apply when they work with clients. The theories have various importance to the client and the professional therapist and counselor.
Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic Theory
Shedler, J. (2012). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. In Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research (pp. 9-25). Humana Press. Retrieved from:
http://maintenance.springer.com/
Annotated: According to Shedler, (2012) defined the psychoanalysis or the psychodynamic theory as the historical perspective of how and what drives behavior in a human being. The psychodynamic theory states that human behavior is driven by unknown and unexplainable forces unconsciously. The psychodynamic theory employs the use of various techniques to deal with personality issues in counseling. The psychodynamic theory personality techniques include the free association which involves the client saying to the therapist whatever comes to his or her mind, the analysis of dreams of the client and transferring emotions and feelings about a person or issue to the therapist. The psychodynamic theory aims to unearth traumatic childhood events and hard relationships that may unconsciously influence the behavior of a person thus affecting his personality.
Behavioral theory
Abramowitz, J. S. (2013). The practice of exposure therapy: relevance of cognitive-behavioral theory and extinction theory. Behavior therapy, 44(4), 548-558. Retrieved from:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0005789413000166?via=sd&cc=y
Annotated: Abramowitz, (2013) looks at the influence of behavior theory on various personality counseling techniques. Abramowitz, (2013) States that the behavior of a human being is learned from various conditions and experiences a person experiences. The behavioral theory makes a subject fall under the influence of stimulus the subject has been conditioned to react when the subject is exposed to the stimulus. For example, a dog will salivate when it hears a bell because the dog has been conditioned to relate the bell to food. Behavior therapy exploits weaknesses in the human mind. The therapy focuses on rewarding a person for good behavior and punishing a person on bad behavior. A person can learn good and bad behavior through positive and negative reinforcement.
Cognitive theory
Beck, A. T., & Haigh, E. A. (2014). Advances in cognitive theory and therapy: The generic cognitive model*. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10, 1-24. Retrieved fro:
http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153734
Annotated: Beck, (2014) proposed the advanced the theory that the way people think could affect their feelings, emotions and consequentially their behavior. Beck, (2014) Uses cognitive theory with the aim of solving problems for people. Cognitive theory, unlike the psychodynamic theory, focuses on the present situation of the client. Cognitive therapy is merged with behavioral therapy by counselors to give the most help when it comes to mental illnesses such as personality or anxiety disorders, eating and substance abuse disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy looks at the present distorted thinking than on their past. The new additions to the theory include attention focus, adaptive and maladaptive functions (Beck, 2014).
Humanistic Approach
Cappuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2016). ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley & Sons. Link:
Annotated: Cappuzzi, (2016) Looks at how counselors and therapist use the humanistic approach to helping their clients achieve their highest potential. The humanistic approach seeks to look at the goodness of people and puts a lot of emphasis on self-growth and self-actualization. The humanistic approach focuses on the client’s current situation and evades the negativity of the past occurrences of the client. The humanistic approach is meant to build up the client’s personality to the best he can be. According to the humanistic approach, Clients are in control of their destinies and can decide what happens to them in the future. All counselors and therapist focus on the client's feelings and care for them if required. The humanistic approach builds on free will, self-determination and responsibility of a person’s character and personality.
Holistic/Integrative Therapy
Jakovljević, M. (2009). The Side Effects Of Psych pharmacotherapy: Conceptual, Explanatory, Ethical And Moral Issues-Creative Psychopharmacology Instead Of Toxic Psychiatry. Psychiatria Danubina, 21(1), 86-90. Retrieved from:
Annotated: Jakovljević, (2009) Focuses on the theory that multiple theories can be combined in therapy or counseling sessions of a client. The holistic/integrative theory states that multiple elements from the different theories can be adopted in a single case for a client to try and solve all the psychological issues the client might be handling. Holistic therapy may include modern therapy techniques such as hypnotherapy or the use of guided imagery.
The importance of the counseling theories
Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2006). The systems theory framework of career development and counseling: Connecting theory and practice. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 28(2), 153-166. Link:
http://maintenance.springer.com/
Annotated: Patton, (2006) Looks at why it is important to have the counseling theories. The importance of the counseling theories includes helping counselors to find relationships between psychological problems and their clients, assist counselors in behavior modification techniques and give operational guidelines which counselors follow when they deal with clients.
Conclusion
The theories of counseling are used to help all the clients. The five theories are also used as guidelines followed by the professional counselors and therapist to try and solve personality disorder.
References
Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2006). The Systems Theory Framework of Career Development and Counseling: Connecting Theory and Practice. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 28(2), 153-166
Jakovljević, M. (2009). The Side Effects of Psychopharmacotherapy: Conceptual, Explanatory, Ethical and Moral Issues-Creative Psychopharmacology Instead Of Toxic Psychiatry. Psychiatria Danubina, 21(1), 86-90
Cappuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2016). ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley & Sons.
Beck, A. T., & Haigh, E. A. (2014). Advances In Cognitive Theory And Therapy: The Generic Cognitive Model*. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 1-24.
Abramowitz, J. S. (2013). The Practice of Exposure Therapy: Relevance of Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Extinction Theory. Behavior Therapy, 44(4), 548-558.
Shedler, J. (2012). The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. In Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research (Pp. 9-25). Humana Press
