590LRP

treor_

590annotated.doc

Home >Psychology homework help >590LRP

Running head: CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS 1

CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS 4

Childhood and adolescent mental disorders and treatment effectiveness

My name

school

2 October 2016

Childhood and adolescent mental disorders and treatment effectiveness

Brown T. R. (2007). Scraping for evidence. Behavioral Healthcare; 27, 1; ProQuest Central pg. 55.

In this article Brown admits that there is limited access to healthcare for the mentally disorderly children and adolescents throughout the world. This is what informs the basis of his entire argument in this article. He borrows from numerous research articles and studies that talk of the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents, diagnoses and treatment approaches. The lack of undeterred interest in helping children and adolescents who are mentally ill will lead to very many crises in future. His take is that there are still not enough supportive empirical evidence on numerous factors that affect mental disorders in children and adolescents. Brown provides the findings by American Psychological Association Working Group on Psychotropic Medications for Children and Adolescents. This group, which was chaired by Brown, concluded that there are numerous reasons as to why there is a crisis in the mental healthcare for children adolescents.

Brown cites two critical areas that need more research to meet the right healthcare for children and adolescents suffering from mental disorders. First is the area of optimal scheduling of treatment, doses and the efficacy of combining of psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches. Second is the area of stakeholders in the management and elimination of mental illness in adolescents and children. As such Brown alleges that the role of schools, families, mental health care providers, governments, and many others have not been fully exhausted and laid out plainly for them to participate as appropriate. In a well-rounded and conclusive way, Brown gives a summary of the critical areas that need more research and studies.

Costello E. J. & Maughan B. (2015). Annual Research Review: optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56:3, pp 324-341. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12371

Based on literature from credible sources such as RePORT and PubMed, these authors look at the optimal outcomes of children and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Optimal outcomes in the context of the article are discussed under three wings; one is a recurrence of similar disorders in adulthood, two is the occurrence of a different disorder in adulthood and three is functional impairment. More than five different mental disorders including conduct disorder, anxiety, depression and many others are discussed in this article. In this particular annual research review, the authors found that there are very less chances of recurrence of a disorder in adulthood once a child and an adolescent was treated for a disorder. And those adults who were treated for disorders functions quite well but not better than those who have zero histories of childhood disorder.

Even though the authors say that they couldn't get enough literature that could warrant then to make exclusive conclusions however from the sources they reviewed they are confident that these conclusions would be proved by many other kinds of literature. The authors make a very interesting summary of their research review. That half of adults with a childhood history of psychiatric disorders can be declared free of psychiatric disorders and further ascertain that among the half, another half can be said to be facing minimal difficulties in their areas of work. More than six psychiatric disorders among children are discussed from the onset of the occurrence to the duration that these disorders last. These disorders are also categorized in terms of inductive factors. The discussion on the literature review is very extensive and borrows a lot from other credible sources.

Galuschka K., Ise E., Krick K. & Schulte-Kӧrne G. (2014). The effectiveness of treatment approaches for children and adolescents with reading disabilities: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE 9(2): e89900. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089900

As an important background of the study, the authors of this article establish the effectiveness of various treatment approaches to both children and adolescents with mental disorders. In particular, this article looks at treatment approaches to children with metal impairments that interfere with their ability to read and spell correctly. The two skills could be attained slowly, or acquisition could be impeded totally due to some mental disorders. Given the nature of this study, the authors sampled various randomized treatment approaches and conducted a Meta-analysis all the selected samples. The effectiveness and efficacy of each approach were also intricately discussed with specifics to the acquisition of reading and spelling skills. Only 22 randomized controlled trials out of all the trials that were selected were adherent to the criteria of inclusion.

The met-analysis revealed that phonics instruction is the most effective approach to overcoming reading and spelling disabilities in children and adolescents. This conclusion was arrived at after the discussion of the results of this meta-analysis proved to be consisted to many other statistical studies. This approach involves various other effective sub-approaches such as phonemic awareness and reading fluency training. This article as it is, not only presents a wealth of information regarding the most effective treatment approach to overcoming one disorder in children and adolescents but also provides a mechanism for determining the effectiveness of various approaches.

Fawcett D. (2012). Mental Health Treatment for Children and Adolescents: Cost Effectiveness, Dropout, and Recidivism by Presenting Diagnosis and Therapy Modality. Dissertation, School of Family Life. Brigham Young University. UMI 3553419 Published by ProQuest LLC.

This is actually a dissertation by Fawcett which he represented for the partial fulfillment for the award of doctor of philosophy. In this quest, Fawcett chose to investigate the various aspects of treatment of mental health for children and adolescents. Theses aspects include dropout, cost effectiveness, and recidivism from the time of diagnosis and to the kind of therapy recommended. With samples and health data from Cigna Healthcare Insurance Provider in the United States America, Fawcett uses data from a total of 200,127 children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 18. The author also noted that dropout level or rate per specific treatment approach is a key factor in testing the effectiveness of some approaches.

The most important part of this article is the information the author provides concerning the cost of effectiveness of some of the approaches used to treat mental health disorders in children and adolescents. One of the findings is this undertaking is that family therapy is most effective compared to other kinds of therapies. This could be due to the non existence of some bills that would be required in the other therapies. The author also uses an intensive review of the literature to provide information that informs the decision on the effective therapies. The insight the author employs in this analysis of mental health treatments of various disorders and the variances that emerge with each disorder that attracts undivided attention in the article. Contrary to conformity to the script by many authors, Fawcett exhibits a unique way of analyzing the treatment approaches to mental disorders in children.

Lawrence D., Johnson S., Hafekost J., De Haan K. B., Sawyer M., Ainley J. & Zubrick S. R. (2015). The mental health of children and adolescents. The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents. Report on the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/9DA8CA21306FE6EDCA257E2700016945/$File/child2.pdf

This article provides a study on the mental health of children and adolescents from Australia. The authors present the findings of their extensive research from the exact details of the interviews they conducted on families that agreed to participate in the research. Prior to 12 months of the survey, the authors indicate that more males than women have been found to be suffering from mental disorders. And on the impact of the mental disorders, the authors found that depressive disorders are more severe in affecting the functionality, especially of the teenagers.

This is a unique article given that the authors went as far as publishing the investigations they conducted on the teenagers about what they thought concerning mental health of children and their age mates. They even investigated and interviewed the teenagers on kind of treatments they received and whether they thought these services were effective or otherwise. The nature of the families was also investigated and analyzed in relation to the mental health of children and teenagers. The new and unique perspectives in this article provide very useful information for the topic of discussion.

Murphy M. & Fonagy P. (2012). Mental health problems in children and young people. Annual Report pf the Chief Medical Officer, Our Children Deserve Better: Prevention Pays. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/252660/33571_2901304_CMO_Chapter_10.pdf

This article comes as a chapter 10 of a text medical text book. Beginning with a summary of various key medical statistics, Murphy and Fornagy bring forth a large and longer research on numerous mental illnesses facing children and teenagers (referred to as young people in the article). The article is based on medical statistics compounded in Britain. The authors first establish that mental illness among the children and young people make the largest percentage of illnesses facing members if that age. The authors analyze the impact that mental disorders have on the society and victims in terms of economics and socially. The risk factors are also well discussed in this article.

It is very interesting how the authors explore all angles and aspects of mental problems facing children and the young in the society. They even go to the intricate detail of analyzing the risk of exposure to mental problems such as whether a child or a teenager is raised by a single parent or both parents. In the statistical summary, it is indicated that there are 16% chances that a child from a single parent will be affected by mental disorder which is higher than 8% for a child raised by two parents.

Olfson M., Druss B. G., Marcus S. C. (2015). Trends in mental health care among children and adolescents. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1413512#t=article

In the beginning of the article, the authors say that one of the obvious trends in mental health problems in children is the fact that outpatient cases of mental healthcare among the children are increasing, especially in the United States. Also the fact that the number of physicians related cases of mental health problems in children have increased is a clear indication that there is an increase in mental illness among children and teenagers. It is interesting that the authors choose to provide various definitions of medical jargons in the quest to achieving to the elimination of mental health problems in children. This clears the air or any contentious issues relating to definitions. There is an array of very many sub-topics that the authors define and discuss before they give a graph indicating the trends in the mental health of children and teenagers as long as from the year 1995. Unlike the other articles, this article chooses to explain more than it summarizes or gives the statistical analysis. The authors chose to present their findings and not indicate the procedures or the mathematics behind their study. It is easier to pick important points and

This is one of most friendly articles that would be considered more appealing to most audiences due to the authors’ diction. They try as much as possible to ensure that they reach a larger audience. It is very interesting that the authors present trends in terms of the graphs and tables and go a step further to interpret the nature of the graphs and tables. However since the research covers a wider scope with a huge data, it cannot be the case that the authors exhausted all relevant sources to this research.

World Health Organization, (2003). Caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders: Setting WHO directions. WHO Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.

This is an article by the World Health Organization. It seeks to shed light on various aspects of mental disorders in children. Even though the Director of the department of Mental and Substance Abuse provides a disclaimer of the material content of the publication as being intended to intimidate of profile some countries, there is plenty of very useful data in this article. The article begins by providing a rich history on the consequences of ignoring mental disorders among the children and adolescents. The key areas of concern addressed by this publication are impeders of treatment, steps made in treatments and diagnosis, the cost of the burden of caring for children with mental disorders and finally, they look at the latest trends in care accorded to the mentally ill adolescents and children.

With the aid of pictures and extensive literature research, World Health Organization presents a succinct publication that helps in sealing loop holes in the fight against mental disorders among the children and adolescents. There are very interesting perspectives of analyzing mental illness in the category of ages given that World Health Organization is a body that looks at the world social and economical issues that affect the health of people. The statistical data on prevalence, insightful presentation on the mental disorders in relation to child development stages, cultural factors that interfere with treatment therapies of mental disorders provide useful information for the topic. Resources and stigma are discussed as the major impediments to care of mental disorders among the children and adolescents.

References

Brown T. R. (2007). Scraping for evidence. Behavioral Healthcare; 27, 1; ProQuest Central pg. 55.

Olfson M., Druss B. G., Marcus S. C. (2015). Trends in mental health care among children and adolescents. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1413512#t=article

World Health Organization, (2003). Caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders: Setting WHO directions. WHO Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.