FOR NJOSH ONLY

Cal State San Marcos / School of Arts VSAR 120 Sandra Wascher Fall 2016

Study Guide for Quiz 1 - Fundamentals & Media All Parts 1-8 (23 pages) Buy TWO large Examination booklets for pop essay quizzes and for other written exercises during class. Essay questions will be worth 3 points each. Other group exercises will be worth 1-3 points each. Your essay answer should be a short paragraph consisting of at least three or more sentences. Answers should be paraphrased in your own words, not plagiarized from online sources. If you plagiarize any author’s words, your answer will be critically penalized.

Part 1 – Art and Art Making A. Toward of Definition of Art

1. Read an introduction and/or watch the video for an understanding of the art. Sources: visualartnotes.com – introduction/perception Introduction – http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/assets/pdfs/introduction_text.pdf Introduction - video http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/theme/overview/index.html Introduction & Definitions of Art https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4032 2. What could be some functions of art? Functions of artists?

Sources: visualartnotes.com – introduction Prehistoric Art: Paleolithic Origins https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4678 Introduction to Prehistoric Art, 20,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm X-ray Style in Arnhem Land Rock Art – prehistoric art http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/xray/hd_xray.htm South & So East Asia – functions of art http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/1/region/grid/index.html

3. Why should intent and content be important in works of art?

Sources: visualartnotes.com - introduction Form and Content https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4034

3. What role might aesthetics play in the visual world?

Sources: visualartnotes.com – introduction Aesthetics https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3699

2 B. About Artists

Sources: visualartnotes.com - perception Subjective and Objective Perspectives https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3700 Perception and Visual Awareness https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4067 Artistic Roles https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3701 1. What might it mean to have visual perception?

2. Can creativity be an innate human trait? Why or why not?

3. List several creative traits?

C. Art within Visual Culture

Sources: dictionary; visualartnotes.com – art hierarchy Artistic Categories https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3702 1. Define the following terms fine art, popular culture and craft.

2. Provide an example as an understanding of the hierarchy between fine art, popular culture and craft.

3. Describe the use of kitsch in art. Provide an example of an intentional form and an unintentional form of kitsch.

4. What might the difference be between the terms decorative arts and applied arts?

Also, distinguish what types of work could be within each category?

Essay Question 1 Sources: Art Hierarchy from study guide; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images

Explain each term - fine art, popular culture & kitsch as it relates to art and apply one of these terms to each of the following works of art.

1a Tim Hawkinson Bear 1b Sandro Botticelli The Birth of Venus 1c José Guadalupe Posada Las bravísimas calaveras guatemaltecas de Mora y de Morales

3 D. Style Terminology

Sources: visualartnotes.com – artistic appearances Artistic Styles/Appearances https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3703 Cultural Styles https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4910

1. Define and recognize the different artistic appearances or categories of art -

a) Realistic / Naturalistic

b) Representational / Stylized

c) Abstraction

d) Nonobjective or Nonrepresentational

e) What appears to be added to create an Expressionistic work of art?

f) Name several Cultural Styles in the world that you would recognize.

2. Look at Georgia O’Keeffe, Paul Klee and Cubism for a better understanding of abstraction and nonrepresentational art.

Sources: Georgia O’Keeffe – Artistic Appearance http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geok/hd_geok.htm Paul Klee (1879-1940) – Artistic Appearances http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/klee/hd_klee.htm Cubism – Artistic Appearances http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm

Essay Question 2 Sources: artistic appearances from study guide; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images Specifically, define and distinguish the four different artistic appearances utilized in each image with the following terms: Realistic / Naturalistic Representational/ Stylized Abstraction Nonrepresentational In general, which artistic appearance(s) might you prefer and why? 2a El Anatsui Sasa 2b Olowe of Ise Veranda Post: Female Caryatid and Equestrian Figure 2c Roman culture Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius 2d Umberto Boccioni Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

4 Part 2 - Formal Elements or Visual Elements Visual elements are what we perceive and respond to when we look at a work of art. Comprehend, identify and analyze their usage in works of art.

A. Line Sources: visualartnotes.com - line Point https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3749 Definitions & Qualities of Line https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3750

1. Can you define and draw the following types of line?

a) Contour line b) Concentric line c) Radial line d) Spiral line

2. Describe three different types of directional line. What adjectives could be used to describe possible feelings,

energy or visual guidance which each type of directional line might provide as visual guidance in a work of art?

3. An implied line aims to serve what objective in a work of art?

4. What three different ways can line be used to model or create the illusion of 3D form on a 2D surface?

Essay Question 3 Sources: Line from study guide; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images

Evaluate three different types of line utilized in each work of art and describe the affect these various lines have in each work of art.

3a Utagawa Kunisada Shoki the Demon Queller 3b Tlingit culture Chilkat style Blanket 3c David Hockney A Bigger Splash

5 B. Shape and Volume

Sources: visualartnotes.com – shape & mass Shapes and Figure/Ground Relationships https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3751 Mass https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3752

1. Explain the difference between a two-dimensional (2D) area and three-dimensional (3D) area.

2. What types of shapes could be used in two-dimensional works of art? Describe three basic geometric shapes.

3. How might volume or mass be understood in reference to three-dimensional works of art? Describe three basic

geometric forms based on the three shapes above.

C. Light & Value

Sources: visualartnotes.com – light & value Value https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3754 Caravaggio (1571-1610) and his Followers – chiaroscuro http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crvg/hd_crvg.htm

1. What does value refer to in a work of art?

2. How would you describe the effect of Chiaroscuro and who perfected its capabilities?

3. Describe the difference between an Achromatic color scheme versus a Monochromatic color scheme?

D. Color Sources: visualartnotes.com - color Color: Its Qualities and Combinations https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3755 1. What did Sir Isaac Newton discover in reference to light?

6 2. Name the colors on a RYB and CMY color wheel. Can you draw a RYB and CMY color wheel below?

RYB CMY

a) Primary colors (3 each)

RYB

CMY

b) Secondary colors (3 each)

RYB

CMY

c) Tertiary colors (6 each)

RYB

CMY

3. What type of effect can be visually achieved by the use of warm hues or cool hues?

4. Differentiate the color components or combinations of colors which create these various colors schemes and

identify the use of these colors schemes or color harmonies in works of art.

a) Complementary b) Analogous c) Triadic

E. Space / Implied Depth

Sources: visualartnotes.com - space Space and Perspective https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3753

1. Differentiate how depth can be achieved through these various types of two-dimensional implied space techniques.

a) Linear Perspective b) Atmospheric Perspective

c) Isometric Perspective d) Foreshortening 2. What does Trompe l’oeil mean and why might it be used in a work of art?

7 F. Texture & Pattern Sources: visualartnoes.com – texture & pattern Texture https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3756 1. What might be the difference between actual or subversive texture; simulated texture and visual texture? 2. How might pattern be defined? On what types of objects do you see the use of pattern?

G. Time & Motion Sources: visualartnotes.com – time & motion Time and Motion https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3761 1. What different types of effects can be achieved by using time and motion in a work of art?

a) Stopped time b) Implied Time & Motion c) Illusion of Motion d) Kinetic H. Chance / Improvisation / Spontaneity Sources: visualartnotes.com - chance 1. How might chance, improvisation or spontaneity add to a work of art?

Essay Question 4 Source: Visual Elements from study guide; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images Impressionism: Art and Modernity – visual elements http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm

Select one painting with people (4a or 4b) and one landscape painting (4c or 4d) from these Impressionist Paintings of the late 19th Century and describe each selected image in terms of its visual elements. 4a Pierre Auguste Renoir Two Young Girls at the Piano or 4b Edgar Degas The Dance Class 4c Claude Monet The Bodmer Oak, Fontainebleau or 4d Alfred Sisley Allée of Chestnut Trees

8 Part 3 - Principles of Composition / Design Part of perception. It explains our sense of rightness; why certain designs work better than others. These principles offer guidelines for the artist and a better understanding of the work for the observer. Comprehend, identify and analyze their usage in works of art. A. Emphasis Sources: visualartnotes.com - emphasis Emphasis https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3760 1. What could be another term to describe emphasis in a work of art? What might not be as important when using emphasis?

B. Unity & Variety Sources: visualartnotes.com – unity & variety Unity and Variety https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4352 1. What does unity achieve? What does variety produce?

C. Balance Sources: Textbook page 42; visualartnotes.com – balance Visual Balance https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3757 1. Distinguish the difference between symmetrical balance and asymmetrical balance.

D. Rhythm

Sources: visualartnotes.com – rhythm Rhythm/Repetition https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3758 1. What does the use of rhythm achieve in a work of art?

9 E. Scale and Proportion Sources: visualartnotes.com – scale & proportion Scale & Proportion https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3759 1. What does scale and proportion refer to in a work of art? 2. What might be the difference between distortion of scale and hierarchical scaling?

3. How would you describe proportion? Why would proportion be a useful principle of design in a work of art?

Essay Question 5 Sources: Principles of Design from study guide; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay image

Specifically, analyze this image in terms of four principles of design and describe how and/or where these principles have been used to create this composition.

5a Tibetan Yama

10 Part 4 – Structural Systems in Architecture Be able to identify these structural systems in an image. A. Traditional Building Methods

Sources: visualartnotes.com – traditional methods Architecture – What is Architecture: Introduction https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4443 Traditional Methods & Materials https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3807 Art of the Western World – The Classical Ideal: Greeks and Romans (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html# Architecture in China and the Far East https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3808 1. Describe the building technique of a Load-Bearing Construction.

2. What creates a Post-and-Lintel Construction? How are colonnades and a hypostyle construction designed?

3. What might be the most important piece or section of a Round Arch? Who perfected the round arch?

a) Describe the difference in building configuration for an arcade, a barrel vault and a groin vault utilizing a round arch.

b) How might a dome be constructed? How did light originally enter into a dome? What is the importance of a

coffered ceiling?

4. What did the original designers achieve with a Pointed Arch?

a) What might be the design of a lancet using pointed arches? How would a ribbed vault be constructed?

5. What seems to be the importance of buttressing or a buttress system?

a) Compare the difference between a solid buttress and a flying buttress.

b) Can a buttress system be utilized with round arches and pointed arches?

11 Essay Question 6 Sources: Round Arch from study guide; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images

Identify the different type(s) of round arch structural system utilized in each piece of architecture. 6a Andrea Buffalini Cathedral of Dubrovnik 6b Jules Hardouin Marsart & Charles Le Brun Hall of Mirrors 6c Flavian Dynasty Colosseum

B. Recent Methods and Materials

Sources: visualartnotes.com – modern methods Architecture & Planning http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/5/medium/grid/index.html 1. What role did Cast-Iron Construction have in the development of architecture? 2. How did the “I-beam” configuration assist in the Steel-Frame Construction revolutionizing the height of skyscrapers?

What might be meant by a skeleton-and-skin construction in regards to skyscrapers?

3. What two kinds of designs can be accomplished with Reinforced Concrete?

4. Which geometric form does a Truss Construction utilize and why might it be an important form? 5. A Geodesic Dome Construction utilizes what type of geometric form and what shape is achieved? 6. What type of architecture utilizes a Suspension & Tensile Construction? (Also known as Steel-Cable Construction)

12 Part 5 – Two-Dimensional (2D) Media A. Types of Two-Dimensional Media – Drawing, Printmaking & Painting 1. Drawing Sources: visualartnotes.com – drawing Drawing http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/6/medium/grid/index.html Drawing https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3786 Period 500 CE – 1000 CE – Illuminated Manuscript http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/period/5/p/grid/index.html Period 1000 CE – 1400 CE – Asian ink drawings & Illustrated texts http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/period/6/p/grid/index.html Calligraphy, Illumination & Illustrated Books http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/7/medium/grid/index.html Landscape Paintings in Chinese Art – ink drawings http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/clpg/hd_clpg.htm Woodblock Prints of the Ukiyo-e Style http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ukiy/hd_ukiy.htm Japanese Illustrated Handscrolls http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jilh/hd_jilh.htm Art of the Book in the Middle Ages – drawing http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/book/hd_book.htm Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) – drawing http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/leon/hd_leon.htm Edgar Degas (1834 -1917) – drawing http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dgsp/hd_dgsp.htm

a. Types of Drawings 1) Dry drawing media - Identify the different material, binder or vehicle used in these dry drawing mediums. Can you recognize the difference finished appearances of these dry drawing mediums in a work of art? a) Graphite b) Charcoal c) Chalk Pastel d) Oil Pastel or Wax Crayon 2) Fluid drawing media – Ink

a) From what materials did ink originate? How is it produce today?

b) Could you recognize the difference in technical application and/or finished appearance? 1) Pen & Ink 2) Pen & Wash 3) Brush & Ink 4) Brush & Wash

3. Describe the difference between a linear drawing and a value drawing?

13 2. Printmaking

Sources: visualartnotes.com – printmaking Printmaking http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/6/medium/grid/index.html Printmaking https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3788 The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prnt/hd_prnt.htm

a. Differentiate between a matrix and a print.

b. What advantage does a print have over other types of traditional mediums, such as drawing or painting?

c. Understand the four different categories of printmaking - relief, intaglio, lithography and serigraphy.

1) Relief Sources: visualartnotes.com - relief Woodcut prints https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_prwo.htm

a) What can be used as a relief matrix? What must be taken away on the matrix to construct a relief print?

What is another name for a relief print?

2) Intaglio Sources: visualartnotes.com – intaglio Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) – printmaker http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/durr/hd_durr.htm Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) – printmaker / intaglio http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rembp/hd_rembp.htm

a) Intaglio prints use what type of matrices? Various processes are done to the matrix which specifies the different

type of intaglio print? From where does the word intaglio derive from?

1) engraving 2) etching 3) aquatint

3) Lithography Sources: visualartnotes.com – lithography Lithograph prints https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_prli.htm

a) What might be used for a Lithographic matrix and what could be used on the matrix to create this type of print?

14 4) Serigraphy Sources: visualartnotes.com – serigraphy Serigraphy https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3788

a) Serigraphy or Screenprinting uses what type of matrix and how might a print be created?

5) What effect does Graphic Design have on visual perception?

Sources: visualartnotes.com – graphic design Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) – graphic design http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/laut/hd_laut.htm

3. Painting

Sources: visualartnotes.com – painting Painting http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/1/medium/grid/index.html Painting https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3787 a. How might paint be made?

b. Types of Paint - Identify the different binder or vehicle used in these painting mediums.

1) fresco 2) encaustic 3) tempera 4) oil

5) watercolor 6) acrylic 7) spray paint

c. Describe materials used in creating these Non-Traditional Painting mediums.

Sources: visualartnotes.com – painting Collage https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3789

1) mosaic 2) collage

15 d. Select two time periods or two artists and compare and contrast style and application of painting.

Sources: visualartnotes.com - painting European Art from the Renaissance to the 19th Century https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3831 Impressionism Paintings https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3854 American Impressionism – painting http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aimp/hd_aimp.htm Post-Impressionism Paintings https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3855 Art of the Western World – The Early Renaissance (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html# Art of the Western World – The High Renaissance (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html# Art of the Western World – Realms of Light: The Baroque (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html# Art of the Western World – A Fresh View: Impressionism and Post-Impressionism (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html# Edgar Degas (1834 -1917) – painting http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dgsp/hd_dgsp.htm Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) – painting http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gogh/hd_gogh.htm Essay Question 7 Sources: Study guide – two dimensional art; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images

What is the two-dimensional type of art of each work and which medium was used to create each piece? 7a Li K’an Bamboo 7b Andy Warhol Nine Marilyns 7c Egyptian culture Journey of the Sun God Re

16 Part 6 - Imaging / Technology-based Media 1. History of the Camera and Photography Sources: visualartnotes.com – Technology-based media Photography http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/6/medium/grid/index.html The Camera https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3784 Early Development https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3790 The Daguerreian Era and Early American Photography on paper http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/adag/hd_adag.htm Photography’s Impact on Traditional Media https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3791 Issues of Form and Content https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3792 Darkroom Processes https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3793 The Human Element https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3794 Color Images https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3795

a. Read about the history of the camera and photography. How did photography change our perception of reality? 2. Types of Photography – Portraits, Photojournalism, Photography as an Art Form What could be important about each type of photography – portraits, photojournalism and photography as an art form?

a. Portraits

Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging / technology-based Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879) – photography http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/camr/hd_camr.htm b. Photojournalism / Documentary Photography

Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging / technology-based Early Documentary Photography http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/edph/hd_edph.htm Photojournalism https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3796 American Masters: Dorothea Lange – Photojournalist photo gallery: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/dorothea-lange/photo-gallery-what- dorothea- lange-saw/3138/#/section-0 video: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/dorothea-lange/about-the-film/3096/

17 c. Photography as an Art Form

Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging/ technology-based Modern Developments https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3797 Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and American Photography http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stgp/hd_stgp.htm Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and His Circle http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stgl/hd_stgl.htm Edward J. Steichen (1879-1973): The Photo-Secession Years http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stei/hd_stei.htm Photography and Surrealism http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phsr/hd_phsr.htm Photography and Everyday Life in America, 1945-60 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phev/hd_phev.htm Art and Photography: The 1980s http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ap80/hd_ap80.htm Art and Photography: 1990-present http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ap90/hd_ap90.htm The New Documentary Tradition in Photography http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ndoc/hd_ndoc.htm Photography of Cityscape or Architecture https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_phcity.htm a) How did Alfred Stieglitz turn photography into an art form? b) Compare and contrast two styles in Photography and what made each avant-garde for its time.

3. Film / Cinematography Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging / technology-based American Cinema – The Hollywood Style (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series67.html# American Cinema - The Studio System (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series67.html# American Cinema – Film Language (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series67.html# American Cinema – Writing and Thinking about Film (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series67.html# American Masters: Mel Brooks – Filmmaker - Film: Mel Brooks: Make a Noise http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/mel-brooks/film-mel-brooks-make-a-noise/2622/ a. How might film or cinematography be defined? b. Why might Mel Brooks be considered a legend in filmmaking?

18 4. Animation Sources: visualartnotes.com – imaging/technology-based a. How might animation be achieved? How many frames per seconds does it take to create animation? 5. Video Art and Digital Art

Sources: Video http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/9/medium/grid/index.html Time-based Media: Film, Video and Digital https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4409 a. Differentiate between the tool used in creating video art and digital art?

6. Photomontage a. What would be the difference between a photomontage and a collage?

19 Part 7 – Three-Dimensional (3D) Media A. Sculpture – Types and Methods Sources: visualartnotes.com – 3D media - sculpture Sculpture http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/2/medium/grid/index.html Definitions and Process in Sculpture https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3799 Types of Sculpture https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3800 Methods https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4423 Relief Sculpture from Africa and Egypt https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_screaf.htm African Lost-Wax Casting http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wax/hd_wax.htm Sculpture in the Round from South America https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_sitrsa.htm The Technique of Bronze Statuary in Ancient Greece http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grbr/hd_grbr.htm 1. Sculpture – Types and Methods a. Free-standing Sculpture versus Relief Sculpture

1) Describe the difference between a free-standing sculpture and a relief sculpture.

2) What seems to be the difference in a bas relief (low relief) versus a high relief sculpture?

b. Sculptural Techniques Be able to identify the different techniques and materials utilized in subtractive and additive sculpture. 1) Subtractive Sculpture Technique a) Carving b) Materials which can be carved? c) Purpose of Contrapposto?

2) Additive Sculpture Techniques – Methods for additive sculpture, what would be the material for each?

a) Modeling b) What material can be modeled?

c) Casting in a mold (lost-wax process) d) What materials can be molten?

e) Assemble or Construct f) What are some ways to attach materials together?

3) Which type of sculpture, additive or subtractive, do you think would be more difficult and less forgiving for errors?

20 2. Modern Methods and Materials in Sculpture

Sources: visualartnotes.com – 3D Media - sculpture Modern Variations of 3D Media https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3802 Installation Art http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/9/medium/grid/index.html Performance http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/9/medium/grid/index.html

a. Describe the following types of sculpture:

1) Assemblage 2) Readymade 3) Earthworks 4) Installation

5) Performance 6) Light 7) Kinetic

3. Sculpture - Time Periods and Artists

Sources: Art of Ancient Egypt https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3834 Art of the Ancient Near East https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3833 Art of Ancient Egypt https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3834 Art of Ancient Greece and Rome https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3829 Art in the Hellenistic Age and Hellenistic Tradition http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haht/hd_haht.htm Art of the Western World – The High Renaissance (video) https://www.learner.org/resources/series1.html# Bronze Sculpture in the Renaissance http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/scbz/hd_scbz.htm European Art from the Renaissance to the 19th Century https://learn.saylor.org/course/view.php?id=360&sectionid=3831 American Women Sculptors http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/scul/hd_scul.htm Edgar Degas (1834 –1917) - sculpture http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dgsb/hd_dgsb.htm Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) – sculpture http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rodn/hd_rodn.htm Daniel Chester French (1850-1931) – sculpture http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fren/hd_fren.htm a. Select two time periods and compare and contrast the style, subject matter and materials used to create each work. Essay Question 8 Sources: Study guide – three dimensional art; visualartnotes.com – study guide 1 essay images

Describe the different three-dimensional medium and sculptural method or technique used to create each piece. 8a Aztec culture Eagle Knight 8b Greek culture Marathon Boy 8c Baga culture Nimba, Goddess of Fertility 8d Alexander Calder Hi!

21 Part 8 – Craft: Ceramics, Glass, Wood, Metal & Fiber Sources: visualartnotes.com – crafts – glass/ceramics; wood, metal & fiber Decorative Arts https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4440 A New Visual Language Transmitted Across Asia http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm 1. Originally, how might an object be considered a craft? 2. Clay / Ceramics

Sources: visualartnotes.com - ceramics Ceramics http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/3/medium/grid/index.html Greek Art in Archaic Period http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/argk/hd_argk.htm The Nature of Islamic Art – ceramics http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orna/hd_orna.htm The Arts and Crafts Movement in America - ceramics http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htm a) Name several types of clay, its color and usage. b) Describe different methods or techniques when working in with clay. c) What types of firings are done to clay and what does firing achieve? d) What do glazes achieve? e) List objects created in clay. 3. Glass Sources: visualartnotes.com - glass Glass http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/8/medium/grid/index.html Hot-worked Glass from Islamic Lands http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hotw/hd_hotw.htm Art Nouveau Style http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/artn/hd_artn.htm Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tiff/hd_tiff.htm The Arts and Crafts Movement in America - glass http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htm

a) What is the ingredient which produces glass?

b) Describe different methods or techniques when working with glass.

c) What makes the various colors in glass?

d) List objects created in glass.

22 4. Wood / Furniture

Sources: visualartnotes.com - wood Furniture & Decorative Objects http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/10/medium/grid/index.html Africa – Furniture http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/9/region/grid/index.html The Nature of Islamic Art – wood http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orna/hd_orna.htm The Arts and Crafts Movement in America - furniture http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acam/hd_acam.htm Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/flwt/hd_flwt.htm Egyptian Revival - furniture http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/erev/hd_erev.htm French Art Deco - furniture http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htm American Masters: Charles and Ray Eames Film: Charles & Ray Eames: The Architect and The Painter http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/charles-ray-eames-the-architect-and-the-painter/watch-the-full-documentary- film/1950/

a) What are some different types of wood and its color?

b) What are some methods or techniques for working with wood?

c) List objects made from wood.

d) What style of furniture are the Eames known for and how did they revolutionize furniture design?

5. Metalwork / Jewelry

Sources: visualartnotes.com - metal Precious Metals from Tell Basta, Egypt http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tlba/hd_tlba.htm The Nature of Islamic Art – metalwork http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orna/hd_orna.htm Jewelry & Metalwork http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/8/medium/grid/index.html French Art Deco – metalwork / jewelry http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htm a) What are some types of metals? Are some metals softer than others? b) What are some different methods or techniques in working with metal? c) List objects made from metal.

23 6. Fiber

Sources: visualartnotes.com - fiber Textiles & Fiber Arts http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/medium/4/medium/grid/index.html The Nature of Islamic Art – fiber/ rugs http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orna/hd_orna.htm Oceania – Fiber Arts http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/5/region/grid/index.html The Magic of Signs and Patterns in North African Art https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nasp/hd_nasp.htm American Quilts and Coverlets http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/amqc/hd_amqc.htm French Art Deco-textiles http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/frdc/hd_frdc.htm

a) Where do fibers come from which are made into textiles, clothing apparel and accessories?

1) Plant-based 2) Animal-based 3) Synthetic-based

b) From where and what style of pattern(s) are intriguing in its design?

7. Design Periods

Sources: visualartnotes.com - crafts Europe – Decorative & Applied Arts http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/region/10/region/grid/index.html Period 1000 CE – 1400 CE – Ceramics, Fiber Arts, Woodwork & Metalwork http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/period/6/p/grid/index.html Period 1800 CE – 1900 CE – Crafts http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/period/8/p/grid/index.html Period 1900 CE – 2010 CE – Crafts http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/explore/period/9/p/grid/index.html The Bauhaus, 1919-1933 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bauh/hd_bauh.htm Design: 1900-25 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn1/hd_dsgn1.htm Design: 1925-50 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn2/hd_dsgn2.htm Design: 1950-75 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn3/hd_dsgn3.htm Design: 1975-present http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dsgn4/hd_dsgn4.htm

1. Select three time periods in design and compare and contrast style, materials used in selected work.

Take Quiz 1, Parts 1-8 on Cougar Courses

1. Fundamentals 2. Visual Elements 3. Principles of Design

4. Architecture Structural Systems

5. Two-Dimensional Media (2D) 6. Imaging / Technology-based Media

7. Three-Dimensional Media (3D) 8. Craft

Opens TUESDAY, 10/4 @ 3:45pm and Closes FRIDAY, 10/7 @ 11:59pm

Time limit: 45 minutes