Art Appreciation Unit V Assessment Questions (Mathguy08 ONLY)

ART 1301, Art Appreciation 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

2. Examine the characteristics of works of art, including the purpose and structure of the work.

3. Interpret artworks using the elements of design.

4. Analyze artworks using the application of media, techniques, and processes.

Reading Assignment Chapter 11: Design Disciplines Chapter 12: Sculpture

Unit Lesson Chapter 11: Graphic Design When you think of graphic design, you might think of people sitting at computers “drawing” on the screen or maybe you think of advertisements, but graphic design is much more than that. We encounter graphic design more frequently in our daily lives than any other artform. If you look around, you will see interactive design on your phone or computer, clothing design in your clothes, textile design on the patterns of your clothes or furniture, logo designs on just about everything, and product design for everything! Graphic design is literally all around us. One of the basic purposes of graphic design is to enhance visual communication through words and pictures. It uses the creative process, employing art and technology to generate and promote ideas. This is why we usually just think about graphic design with advertising. This chapter, we will discuss a few of the main areas of graphic design. Corporate logos: How many times have you recognized a product just from seeing the logo or just by seeing half of the logo? A corporate logo is an identifying mark, or trademark, based on letter forms combined with pictorial elements (Frank, 2014c). If you do not think you would recognize many logos if you saw them, check out Heidi Cody’s American Alphabet in the textbook on page 177. You will probably know more than you think, and that just shows the first letters from grocery logos! When designing logos, graphic designers are concerned with making an eye-catching and visually appealing logo. Many times, bright colors and easy to recognize symbols will be used. Typography: Ever wonder who makes up all of the fonts we use on a daily basis? Graphic designers create numerous fonts, used on anything from blogs to posters. Sometimes we do not notice the typography or font that is being used until it has done its job. Think about a poster or advertisement. What kind of font did it

UNIT V STUDY GUIDE

Design Disciplines and Sculpture

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have? Was a rustic font used for a canoe advertisement? If you were reading a scary book, did the cover image have words that gave a scary vibe? When you go back and take another look at font (even the font used in certain apps), it seems like the possibilities with fonts start to grow. Posters and Other Graphics: A poster is a concise visual announcement that provides information through the integrated design of typographic and pictorial imagery (Frank, 2014c). Most of us think of posters hanging on bedroom walls, but if you think of a bigger picture, posters provide lots of information for concerts, movies, and even advertise for books or magazines. Billboards are massive posters that need to contain a short, quickly grasped message that is visually appealing. Graphic designers need to find a way to use the limited space in a poster without sacrificing information. If we go one step further, consider any 2-D design that needs to communicate information within a small space: book covers, album covers, magazines covers, as well as business cards! Graphic designers are constantly thinking of ways to branch out of the “box.” Advertisements on taxis are becoming popular, and so are QR codes on buildings. Chapter 12: Sculpture Sculptures can be divided into two categories: freestanding and relief. A freestanding sculpture is one that you can walk all the way around and is meant to be seen from all sides. A relief sculpture hangs on a wall and should only be seen from the front or maybe a little from the sides, depending on the type of relief sculpture. Low relief sculptures project very little from the surface; think about one side of a coin. High relief sculptures project more than half of the natural circumference of the modeled form from the surface, and figures are often undercut; think about a hand or arm reaching out from a surface (Frank, 2014c). Within those two categories, sculptures can be made using the following methods and materials.

Modeling: If you have ever used Play-Doh, then you have used the modeling method of creating a sculpture. Modeling is an additive process, meaning that the artist adds, moves, removes, and pushes pliable material such as wax, clay, or plaster into place. Since most pliable material is soft, artists often use an armature, or rigid inner support, similar to a skeleton. Casting: Have you ever used Jell-o molds, soap molds, or ice cube trays? If so, you have made a cast! Casting is a substitution process because an artist will substitute one material for another. This process

(Frank, 2014b, slide 13)

(Frank, 2014a, slide 18)

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requires several steps. First, the artist makes the original artwork (Frank, 2014c). That sounds a bit confusing, but consider how a bronze statue is created. An artist does not carve into bronze, it is melted and poured into a mold. Back to the first step of making the original artwork, the artist will use a pliable material to model the original artwork. Next, a mold is built around the artwork using any hardening material that will keep the form, such as plaster, and then the original artwork is taken out of the mold. Casting liquid, such as liquid clay or molten bronze, is poured into the mold and hardens. After the casting liquid has hardened, the mold is removed. Carving: Artists can also carve into stone or wood to make a statue or relief. This subtractive process might be the most difficult of the sculpture methods because it is not very forgiving. If an artist makes a mistake, there is no going back and fixing it—the mistake has been carved away. When looking at a statue that has been carved, be sure that you think about the original condition of the material. Marble does not become smooth on its own. Artists who use marble spend time carving, then sanding, and finally the artist will polish the marble to make sure it is the surface that they envisioned (Frank, 2014c). Constructing and Assembling: Constructing and assembling became popular in the early 20th century. Artists making sculpture using the constructing and assembling method use found objects and might weld and paint those object to become the final piece. If an artist constructs a sculpture that requires metaphorical visual thinking, then that sculpture is called assemblage.

References Frank, P. (2014a). Chapter 11: Design disciplines [PowerPoint slides]. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Frank, P. (2014b). Chapter 12: Sculpture [PowerPoint slides]. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Frank, P. (2014c). Prebles’ artforms: An introduction to the visual arts (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Suggested Reading If you would like to learn more about this unit’s reading, review the below chapter presentations that align with the textbook required readings: Click here to access the Chapter 11 PowerPoint Presentation. Click here for a PDF version of the presentation. Click here to access the Chapter 12 PowerPoint Presentation. Click here for a PDF version of the presentation.