Annotated bibliography is completed. I only need next part to it, completed as per given in the format.

The week you will be creating an annotated bibliography for your 8 sources.  Your annotated bibliography needs to contain a few key pieces of information: a Work Cited Entry, a Summary, and an Assessment. When you are making your works cited entries make sure you are providing them in MLA style using the 8th edition. Some sources include references or “citations” that are not MLA. These will not work. Use the tools you learned in Module 2.

Below I’ve given you an example of what an annotated Works Cited entry should look like. I color-coded the pieces you'll need to include. The annotation is pretty brief. You are going to summarize, and assess.

· The summary can be short, but it needs to be in your own words, at least one sentence telling what the article is about. If you are using an article from the databases, you may not simply copy and paste the abstract. 

· The assessment does two things. It is looking at how reliable the source is and and how it may be used in your paper. In this example, it’s two sentences that discuss both the credibility of the source, and which section of the proposal it may end up in. Keep in mind that a discussion of credibility does not simply say "It is credible because it is from the New York Times."  Use the questions your book gave you in Module 2 for assessing sources to make determinations here.

EXAMPLE:  

Bazar, Emily. "School Districts Tweak Schedules to Save Money." USA Today, 24 March 2009, p. 3a.            Academic Search Premier, accession number J0E001995874509.

            This article provides evidence showing the different ways that school systems have changed their schedule to later start times, changed bus routes, and implemented shorter weeks while saving money. I’ll be able to use it to prove that moving school times can be beneficial to the district as they can save money and keep the same transportation while giving students more time to sleep. This is reliable because USA Today is a credible, well-known, national newspaper with limited bias.

Please use the sample annotated bibliography as a model to set up your own document.  The works cited entries should be created using a hanging indent, and the annotation should come below it using the same ½” indent. You may single space this assignment.

EXAMPLE

Brooke B.

Format:

· Double Space the Heading

· Single Space the Bibliography

· Hanging indent for Works Cited Entries

· Include annotation under each entry on the ½” indent

Instructor Name

Course Name

Date

Annotated Bibliography

Bazar, Emily. "School Districts Tweak Schedules to Save Money." USA Today, 24 March 2009, p. 3a. Academic Search Premier, accession number J0E001995874509.

Be sure to include both a summary and an assessment. The assessment should tell us where you will use this source in your paper and why the sources is reliable.

This article provides evidence showing the different ways that school systems have changed their schedule to later start times, changed bus routes, and shorter weeks while saving money. I’ll be able to use it to prove that moving school times can be beneficial to the district as they can save money and keep the same transportation while giving students more time to sleep. This is reliable because USA Today is a credible, well-known, national newspaper with limited bias.

Black, Susan. "A Wake-Up Call on High-School Starting Times." Education Digest vol. 66, no. 4, Dec. 2000, p. 33. Academic Search Premier, accession number 3857317.

This article explains how the teenage body clock changes preventing them from going to bed earlier than 11P.M. generally. The average teenager needs 9 and a quarter hours of sleep every night to grow and function appropriately and argues that teens are not getting that with early school start times. Education Digest is a trustworthy journal taken from the databases. This article has reliable examples of schools that have changed to later start times and the cause and effect of what happens to students who aren’t getting enough sleep as well as student interviews.

Note: the article is no longer accessible online, so when the sample assignment was updated to the 8th edition, it wasn’t possible to include a URL, which would typically go right after the first 2014. This encouraged the inclusion of a date of access so that if people are struggling to find it, they’ll understand that the source hasn’t been accessed in several years.

Bradon, Jonathan. “New Start Times Next Year at OPS.” Omaha World Herald, 2014. Accessed 23 Apr. 2014. This article simply states the new start and dismissal times for Omaha Public High Schools as of 2012 as well as the old start and end times. This is from the Omaha World Herald which is particularly useful given my local audience. The article shows OPS has have moved the times back only 5 minutes but this evidence will collide with the evidence of early start times to prove how a later start time will benefit our students and community as well as going into the groundwork section.

Danner, Fred, and Barbara Phillips. “Adolescent Sleep, School Start Times, and Teen Motor Vehicle Crashes.” J Clin Sleep Med, vol. 4, no. 6, 15 Dec 2008, pp. 533-35. National Center for Biotechnology Information, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC2603528/.

This journal provides information from scientists who have studied the before and after of sleep habits in students and shows how students with later start times are getting a better amount of recommended sleep as the time changes went more with their bodily clock, there was less catch up sleep on weekends, and teen drivers (ages 17-18) crash rates went down significantly. This shows how a later start time will keep our students healthier and our community safer. This article is reliable because came from a government collection of journal articles about healthy and safety.

Some sources, like this newspaper article, can be found on the Internet, but they aren’t really websites. This is what your book would consider a print source since the paper is also available in print, but make sure you are giving us the information to get back to the electronic source since that’s what was used.

Geiselman, Bruce. “North Olmsted Schools Push Back Controversial 7:20 A.M. Start Times.” Cleveland, Advance Ohio, 20 April 2014, 7:39 pm. www.cleveland.com/north-olmsted/index.ssf/2014/04/north_olmsted_schools_push_bac_1.html.

In this article, a Cleveland high school changed start times and statistics of students had better mental and physical health after the change. It also provides information on how this changed saved the school $100,000 yearly and how they are making up for after school sports practice and tutoring time. This would benefit the district by proving to them that just an hour difference of start time will improve student alertness and grades while saving money for the districts and keeping after school programs. The article is reliable because it comes from Cleveland.com which is the website for the largest Cleveland newspaper.

“Graduation Requirements for High School.” Omaha Public Schools, 2012. Accessed 24 April 2014.

This file is also no longer available online, so the URL has been omitted as we revised the citation to 8th edition, and an access date was included.

This policy from Omaha Public Schools explains the credit process and the number of credits to graduate. This will also help in my solutions by providing information on how many credits a student needs for late starts as well as the groundwork section for the requirements of an early out. This is reliable because it comes straight from the school district.

“Online School Board Policies.” Omaha Public Schools, 2012. www.nasbonline.org/ OnlinePolicyManuals/Policy/Index/5143.

This policy from the Omaha Public School’s states their mission statement “to provide educational opportunities which enable all students to achieve their highest potential.” Whereas in other evidence we see they have pushed back start times, which is refraining students from reaching their highest potential. This will benefit students by showing how Omaha Public Schools is not thinking of the student’s health first as well as groundwork. This is reliable because it comes straight from the district that should be making the change.

Trudeau, Michelle. “High Schools Starting Later to Help Sleepy Teens.” National Public Radio, morning ed. 18 Jan. 2007, 12:30 a.m., www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php? storyId=6896471.

This article reports from schools and parents that teenagers are easier to live with and have fewer behavioral problems with a later school start time due to regulated emotions. It also reports that the dropout rate decreased with students starting later, which will benefit the district. This also would help in my solutions or opposition pieces by providing evidence that a school district in Des Moines was able to lower the amount of buses needed by changing elementary, middle, and high school times which in the end saved them $700,000. NPR is a national reliable news source though they tend to have a liberal bias.

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As you begin your annotated bibliography this week and move into your outline next week, you need to do some planning.  Look at your initial arguments and figure out where you are going to take them, and how they are going to develop. The most important part of this assignment is the subject headings. The lecture covers this in detail, so make sure you've read carefully:

For this assignment you have several tasks:

· First, examine your thesis You’ve begun the research process and you’re starting to develop your arguments, so check to see if your thesis needs to be revised at all.  Remember, this paper is a work in progress, so you should be honing and revising your thesis all along.  Clearly state the version of your thesis that best fits your argument right now. 

· Second, read through the lecture and your textbook to get an understanding of the different sections in this paper. Determine how your proposal will be structured.  In what order will you put your sections?

· Third, remind us of your primary arguments (revised from Module 3) and then develop each argument into additional sub-arguments. (ie: If your proposal benefits students, that's the primary argument.  The sub-arguments are all of the different ways in which students benefit: cognitively, physically, emotionally, creatively...) When you present each argument, it should be no longer than a sentence. Keep it simple and straight-forward.

· Fourth, organize your sections and arguments into an MLA style outline that shows the development you created in step three and the additional sections of your paper. I highly recommend you use the sample assignment and just swap your pieces into the outline she has already created.

Example

M4: Thesis Statements and Subject Headings

1. Thesis: Omaha Public Schools should create a later start time for high school students.

 

2. Structure: My proposal will include the following sections:

· Introduction: This will also contain my thesis.

Let us know if you will use a problem statement or assessment of current efforts and why.

· Problem Statement: I need to prove that sleep is actual part of the achievement gap problem, so I’m calling this a problem statement instead of an assessment of current efforts. I would like to explain the current start system for OPS schools and the basic biological issues of teenagers and sleep that create problems with this schedule.

· Supporting Arguments: I will explain the benefits to my two primary groups: Students and the District. I have eliminated parents because I’m not finding research to support it.

Let us know if your solution will come before or after your supporting arguments and why.

· Solution: I’m putting this after the supporting arguments because the biggest change is clear in the thesis. We are changing the start time for schools. The other pieces of the solution could be distracting if they are presented before the reader understands why the change is necessary. Here I will outline the details of my proposal-the new schedule of start times, the changes to extra-curricular activities, and the changes to bussing.

· Address of the Opposition: I will write two opposing viewpoints in relation to my thesis.

· Conclusion

 

This can change from Module 3. Use your research to guide you but make sure you are going to have enough support.

3. My primary arguments are

 

1. Benefits to Students

2. Benefits to the District

 

Originally, I had three groups, but I have had a hard time figuring out strong benefits for parents so I eliminated that group. I am working to develop the remaining two into particularly strong categories.

Students have four major benefits, some of which may have more than one paragraph:

· Students are able to be more involved in jobs and extracurricular activities with the new change

· Students have health benefits and there are several parts. Their health will benefit through better rest, a more stable emotional state, and stronger cognitive abilities. These might be able to be separate paragraphs.

· Students will have decreased substance abuse.

· Students will have fewer car accidents.

The district has three major benefits/obligations:

· The district will be more successful overall as student grades and test scores improve.

· The district will be able to save a lot of money (particularly because of bussing changes).

· The district is obligated to provide students the best learning environment possible.

4. Outline:

I. Problem Statement

You can use this as a model and just swap your pieces in as needed, but make sure the sections are in the order you want.

II. Supporting Arguments

A. Students

1. More Time for Activities

2. Health Benefits:

a. Better Rested Students

b. Emotional Benefits

c. Cognitive Benefits

3. Less Teen Substance Abuse

4. Fewer Adolescent Car Crashes

B. District

1. More Successful District

2. Save Money

3. Obligation to Students

III. Solution

IV. Opposition

5. Questions:

 

I’m struggling to figure out how to cite a World Herald article I found online. It qualifies as a print source since the paper is also published and distributed that way, but it’s on a website. I’m not sure if I need to cite it as a website or a newspaper, or if there’s a middle ground I need to know about.

Here’s the article: http://www.omaha.com/news/achievement-gap-still-tests-ops/article_1a93f175-1f77-5309-ae33-a7868450b2a7.html

Title: “Achievement Gap Still Tests OPS”

Author: Paul Goodsell

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