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ASSIGNMENT 1

1. Give a generic definition of what a protocol is (not related to the internet). (Knowledge)

Protocol is a system of rules that explain the correct conduct and procedures to be followed in formal situations. These are definitions of methods and values which the objects or people agree upon in order to co-operate.

2. Using the definition you just found explain how TCP and IP fit that definition. (Evaluation)

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.

TCP/IP is a two-layer program. The higher layer, Transmission Control Protocol, manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that reassembles the packets into the original message. The lower layer, Internet Protocol, handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this address to see where to forward the message. Even though some packets from the same message are routed differently than others, they'll be reassembled at the destination.

3. What is the responsibility of the TCP part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Comprehension)

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means a connection is established and maintained until the application programs at each end have finished exchanging messages. It determines how to break application data into packets that networks can deliver, sends packets to and accepts packets from the network layer, manages flow control, and—because it is meant to provide error-free data transmission—handles retransmission of dropped or garbled packets as well as acknowledgment of all packets that arrive.

For example, when a Web server sends an HTML file to a client, it uses the HTTP protocol to do so. The HTTP program layer asks the TCP layer to set up the connection and send the file. The TCP stack divides the file into packets, numbers them and then forwards them individually to the IP layer for delivery.

4. What is the responsibility of the IP part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Comprehension)

IP protocol is responsible for IP addressing in that designing an IPv4 Addressing Scheme introduces IPv4 addressing and IPv6 Addressing Overview introduces IPv6 addressing. It is also responsible for host-to-host communications where IP determines the path a packet must take, based on the receiving system's IP address.

It is responsible for packet formatting where IP assembles packets into units that are known as datagrams. If a packet is too large for transmission over the network media, IP on the sending system breaks the packet into smaller fragments. IP on the receiving system then reconstructs the fragments into the original packet.

5. In order for IP addresses to be useful to humans, they are translated from words to their IP address by a DNS server. How do these two elements work together? (Comprehension)

DNS is a system that provides an association of IP addresses and host records. IP addresses provide logical identity and location information. This information is necessary for data to travel between to internet connected hosts. Host records provide a human-friendly alias for an associated IP address. Host records are also associated with information about the owner of the record, their physical address, and contact information.

An IP address is an address assigned to any computer (including servers) to identify it on a given network. A DNS address is a Domain Name Service which is used to convert alphabetic references into a server's IP address generally for hosting services.

ASSIGNMENT 2

1. Identify a culture have you become a part of because of the Internet (a culture you would not have had access to otherwise). In what ways do you believe this has changed your life perception/connected you to people you would not have known or known of?

The YouTube culture has enabled me to market many things and this was brought about by the internet. Thanks to the Internet, people can directly choose what to promote and share, and therefore what becomes culture. When a video goes “viral,” it means it is seen by millions of people in the time span of a few days. All of these millions of people are sharing an experience together and forming a culture with it. Shared experiences like these viral videos help create the Internet culture upon which this generation is so dependent.

The anonymity of the Internet has allowed people to be more open about their thoughts, not only in this harmful way but also in a good way because non-trolls are able to speak their minds more descriptively and with more clarity.

2. Explain how you see your contributions to web content (through your use of social media, blogs, and comments) adds to either folklore or the broadening of cultural understanding.

By adding to the web content, it builds my understanding of worldview and social positioning engenders curiosity, inquiry, and interest about different cultural groups. In daily instruction, cultural awareness encompasses learning how to build meaningful connections with people and their families.

3. Applying the ideas you used in the previous 2 questions, explain how people who do not have the internet may be disadvantaged. Include who is most likely to not have these advantages.

People who don’t have internet access are not able to get latest news feeds and information of what is going on around the world and also where the internet helps expand knowledge content and enhance creativity, people who don’t have access to it will not be able to experience such importance of the internet. Most of the people who don’t have access to the internet are probably people who live in remote areas and places where technology has a low expansion rate.