FOR NJOSH

Objective:

Oscilloscope is an instrument used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. We used this device to draw a graph of the signals as a function of time.

Theory:

Oscilloscope is a really useful equipment for electronic system. People use it to study the wave shapes of the waveforms. What it basically does, it allows the electronic signals to display as a function of time. It is used with radios, televisions and also the device we see in hospitals to see how the heart is going.

Apparates:

· Oscilloscope

· Function Generator

· Oscilloscope probe

Procedure:

After having every equipment we need for this lab, we made sure that our function generator is set to sin wave. We started with the oscilloscope on channel A and test the wave, which was curves just like the graph of sin function. Then we started to see the differences between the channel A and channel B. Then, we adjusted the trace and took the measurement of the amplitude and period of sawtooth wave. We adjusted the horizontal position to the right until we saw the trace, after that we turned the trace trigger to right until it moves. Then, we kept moving the trigger till it gets to a stable case, what I observed from this step is when we adjust the trigging level, the output of the wave on the screen to stuck multiple lines because it was going so fast. We pushed the slope bottom and repeated what we did with the last step and I observe that it flips the graph screen to the x-axis. We switched the channel from A to Ac and repeated what we did in last step and I observe that levels out of peaks or values. Finally, we switched the channel from A to DC, and since the frequency is low, the wave blinks.

Data:

Result:

The purpose of this laboratory exercise was to further our knowledge about oscilloscope and the relationships between the frequency (Hz) and the Period T(s). Period (T) was determined by multiply Time/div and X-deflect. Period T is calculated for both 500Hz output and 250Hz output. At frequency output equals to 500Hz, the period T was 2.00ms±0.1ms, and then at frequency output equals to 250Hz, the period T 4.00ms±0.25ms was observed. As the frequency output was cut to half, Period T was doubled. From this result, the relationship of frequency f and Period T can be concluded as fT=1. In other word, frequency (f) and Period (T) is inverse proportion to each other.

In this case, we examined not only the relationship between period and frequency; we also examined to see if a different type of frequency function would produce different results in calculations. We compared the sine wave frequency function with the square wave frequency function in order to do so. When comparing sine wave function to square wave function results of the same frequency set (i.e. 500Hz) we see that again there is no difference in any measurements taken and produced by calculations. Thus, we are able to conclude that indeed, the wave function does not result in alteration of the Period T calculated or recorded by the oscilloscope when the frequency is kept constant.

Discussion:

The slope works just like the level controls; they both can help us to define the trigger. The slope determines whether the oscilloscope finds the trigger point on the falling edge of a signal. The basic waveforms of classic analog synthesizers can be easily reproduced with the phase oscillator:  sine, and sawtooth waves will result from different Slope, parameter value combinations. For example, setting Slope and Saturation to their maximum values, will result in a classic square wave. Setting Slope to −0.20, Saturation to the minimum, and Asym to the maximum value, will result in a sawtooth wave. Setting all three parameters to 0 values will cause the oscillator to produce a sine wave. See the table below for an overview of the tonal qualities of each basic waveform. the vertical system, the horizontal control gives you two knobs: position and seconds/div.

The propose of intensity is varies the intensity of light, and the focus knob is for bringing the objects into focus. Amplitude is a measure of the magnitude of a signal. There are a variety of amplitude measurements including peak-to-peak amplitude, which measures the absoluted difference between a high and low voltage point of a signal. Peak amplitude, on the other hand, only measures how high or low a signal is past 0V. moving the trigger till it gets to a stable case, when we adjust the trigging level, the output of the wave on the screen to stuck multiple lines because it was going so fast. Pushing the slope bottom, it flips the graph screen to the x-axis. If we switch the channel from A to DC, since the frequency is low, the wave blinks.