Grant Proposal

Steroids as rejuvenating and anti aging agent

Specific Aims

The world of professional sports is burdened with concerns of athletes looking to gain a competitive advantage through the utilization of performance improving drugs. In most instances, the drugs of selection are anabolic steroids like testosterone. In latest years, steroid accusations have been created about Lance Armstrong, Jose Canseco, Barry Bond and countless others. At the same time, a valid scientific literature has investigated the possible clinical usefulness of steroid supplementation/ replacement for a number of conditions for instance hypogonadism, Alzheimer’s disease as well an involvement against physically occurring declines in production of androgen associated with aging. This account by Brown-Séquard is an ultimate classic where the author takes part in self-experimentation to survey whether management of extracts from the animal testicles may positively impact several of the faculties and abilities that he observes have been declining with age. Brown-Séquard, noting down these deficiencies like forgetfulness, fatigue and constipation uses a particular logic, mistaken as we might now know it to be. He shortly reports significant changes in his stamina, his intellect and his powers of urination and defecation.

The specific aim of this proposal is to evaluate whether steroids are a rejuvenating or anti aging agent. As a result of the long history of research and interest in the causes of gonadal steroids on individual behavior, these ideas are at the basis of the steroid outrages that afflict so much of qualified sports; an area of concern to a lot of students. Second this proposal aims at providing a rich proposal with which to start discussing concerns of clinical trials and experimental design.

Annotated bibliography

Hartgens, F. & Kuipers, H. (2004). Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Pub med, 34(8):513-54.

An article that reviews how androgenic anabolic steroids apply very strong effects on human beings’ body that might be of benefit for athletic performance. The article reveals the actual effects of steroids.

Hoffman, J. (2006). Medical issues associated with anabolic steroid use: Are they exaggerated. Pub Med, 5(2): 182–193.

This is article is perfect that analyzes and reviews the history of use of anabolic steroids in North America. The article also analyzes the frequency of use of steroids in recreational populations and athletic and its efficiency.

Kanayama, G., Hudson, J. & Pope, H. (2008). Long-Term Psychiatric and Medical Consequences of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse

The article reviews the Long-term use of supraphysiologic doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid which might cause permanent cardiovascular toxicity, mainly cardiomyopathy and atherosclerotic effects.

Kanayama, G., Brower, K., Wood, R., Hudson, J. & Pope, H. (2009). Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Dependence: an Emerging Disorder, pub med, 104(12): 1966–1978.

A great article that reviews the accumulating animal and human proof showing that Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid might cause a distinctive dependence syndrome linked with adverse medical and psychiatric effects.

Kicman, A. (2008). Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Pub Med, 154(3): 502–521.

A good journal for my proposal that discusses how anabolic steroids promote muscle strength and growth for body builders and athletes. The article revisits steroids for clinical reasons.

Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H., Roeder, A. & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoid in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety, pub med, 1(4): 327–348.

This article reviews the treatment of anti aging using synthetic and natural retinoid and how most of them have shown clinical and histological improvement. The author states that tretinoin is the most potential and surely widely used retinoid for photo aging therapy.

Payne, J., Kotwinski, P. & Montgomery, H. (2004). Cardiac effects of anabolic steroids. Pub med, 90(5): 473–475.

An article that analyses the abuse of steroids in athletics. The article reviews the factors that have been associated with a broad range of adverse conditions like psychiatric disturbance.

Rattan, S. (2005). Anti-ageing strategies: prevention or therapy? Pub med, 6(1): s25-s29.

The article searches for ways of preventing the start of old age related sicknesses and improving the life quality in old age through biogerontology.

Ruta, G., Liakou, A., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E. & Zouboulis, C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies, Pub Med, 4(3): 308–319.

A good article, which reviews the most significant anti-aging approaches that dermatologists have these days in hand, including cosmetological strategies, protective measurements, systemic and topical curative agents and invasive measures.

Stanbury, R. & Graham, E. (1998). Systemic corticosteroid therapy—side effects and their management. Pub Med, 82(6): 704–708.

This article is incredible. It discusses the therapy of systematic corticosteroid and the side effects of the therapy as well as its management.

PSY625: Biological Bases of Behavior Ashford University