Review Paper—Draft of Literature Findings

DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE 1

DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE 2

Discrimination and Violence

Advanced General Psychology | PSY492 A02

Tony Williams

Argosy University

Lisa Unger

27 September 2016

DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE

Discrimination happens in human affairs and it is defined as making a favor for or against and individual based on class or category. Common types of discrimination in the American society include; racial, social, gender and disability. Racial discrimination by far is the most prevalent and it is the oldest form of discrimination starting from the introduction of slave trade in the United States. Even though the levels of discrimination have reduced in the United States, there is no doubt that they still exist. Discrimination is a problem and it has led to violence in some areas of the country.

The objectives of this study are to find out how discrimination affects the American society and how it can be reduced. There are a number of negative effects that are as a result of discrimination and it is the objective of this study to point out these effects and recommend solutions to these problems.

Reference Page

Blosnich, J. R., & Horn, K. (2011). Associations of discrimination and violence with smoking among emerging adults: differences by gender and sexual orientation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, ntr183.

Cobas, J. A., Duany, J., & Feagin, J. R. (2015). How the United States racializes Latinos: White hegemony and its consequences. Routledge.

Baechler, G. (2013). Violence through environmental discrimination: Causes, Rwanda arena, and conflict model (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.

Carrara, S. (2012). Discrimination, policies, and sexual rights in Brazil.Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 28(1), 184-189.

Piazza, J. A. (2011). Poverty, minority economic discrimination, and domestic terrorism. Journal of Peace Research, 48(3), 339-353.

Harrison, J., Grant, J., & Herman, J. L. (2012). A gender not listed here: Genderqueers, gender rebels, and otherwise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. LGBTQ Public Policy Journal at the Harvard Kennedy School, 2(1).

Martin, M. J., McCarthy, B., Conger, R. D., Gibbons, F. X., Simons, R. L., Cutrona, C. E., & Brody, G. H. (2011). The enduring significance of racism: Discrimination and delinquency among black American youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(3), 662-676.

Dancygier, R. M., & Laitin, D. D. (2014). Immigration into Europe: Economic discrimination, violence, and public policy. Annual Review of Political Science,17, 43-64.

Reza-Paul, S., Lorway, R., O'Brien, N., Lazarus, L., Jain, J., Bhagya, M., ... & Steen, R. (2012). Sex worker-led structural interventions in India: a case study on addressing violence in HIV prevention through the Ashodaya Samithi collective in Mysore. The Indian journal of medical research, 135(1), 98.

Hendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012). A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the Minority Stress Model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 460.