FINAL PAPER: World View Chart Writing Assignment
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weekly_world_view_chart.docx|
2=WORLD RELIGIONS – REL 212 World Religions
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HINDUISM & JAINISM WEEK 2 |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
Hinduism believe Brahman which split into Brahma “The Creator”, Vishnu “The Preserver”, and Shiva “The Destroyer”. Vishnu was floating in darkness inside the coil of a snake. A loud “Aum” sound started and brought life and a Lotus flower grew from Vishnu’s navel which had Brahma laying in it. Vishnu told Brahma to create a world. Brahma split the Lotus flower and made Heavens, Earth and skies. He also created flowers trees plants along with animals and game them the ability to see touch and smell. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
Hindu may believe in one God (Brahman) and other names depending on region but has many device faces. They worship God in both male and female forms. is all knowing and all loving in everything as well as transcendent. Although one God, Hindu can still choose deities the which to worship. |
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View of Human Nature |
The Hindu have a sophisticated economy and culture that still is around to today. They had a class/caste system that were separated by occupations but didn’t include unclean occupations. Dharma includes the laws of nature and believe there are many ways to pray, to serve and is a very open religion. This allows more peace and acceptance of differences to allow for a common goal. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Hindu believes in Dharma and Karma. Dharma includes righteous, salvation, sacred law, truth ethics, duty, justice and many other concepts of good. Ghandi followed these principles which marching for India’s independence using non-violent means in 1947. On the other hand, Karma which is the laws of cause and effect say that if you do good it will return to you and if you do evil it will also return to you. Jainism believes Karma sticks to your soul and carries it into the next. |
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View of Salvation |
Salvation occurs through spiritual growth and maturity of the soul at which time they are ready for a divine encounter with God is the ultimate goal in life |
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View of After Life |
Reincarnation is believed by the Hindu faith that the soul will return in a new body after death. They believe eventually the soul matures and is reunited with the creator which is when no more reincarnations occur. They do not believe in SATAN or an eternal hell. |
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Practices and Rituals |
Each Hindu home has a place of worship which might have pictures or representation of the deities the house worships. Puja is a worship ceremony that prays to the divine beings for blessings and happiness. The ceremony includes chanting, bathing the images of the deities, food offerings, flowers, incense and more to please the god. Hindu practice Yogi ceremonies everyday call Sannyasin while singing hymns, chant, meditate in stillness and silence. One pilgrimage must be done as part of the religion. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Festivals include many holy days like the festival of lights called Divali which is a national holiday to celebrate good over evil and light over darkness. Another big festival is Kumbha Mela which has many pilgrims who travel to four sacred places awaiting drops of holy nectar of immortality. |
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Week 2 - Sources
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Fisher, M. P. (2014). Living religions (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson. |
IEdesign (2011). Hindu creation story. Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyGCbxD848
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Hinduism Today Magazine (2014). The History of India, Part One: From Ancient Times. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBZRTzXARWM
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BUDDHISM WEEK 3 |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
Buddhism doesn’t focus on Cosmogony and is more geared towards self-improvement and finding one’s own enlightenment through focus and meditation. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
Buddhism is non-theistic. Buddha is seen as the person who everyone should strive to be like. No specific God is worshipped but Buddha’s footsteps are followed in hopes of receiving the same enlightenment and attaining the Buddha’s consciousness. |
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View of Human Nature |
Buddhist strive to reach Nirvana, a state in which they do not feel the pull of the world which they see as corruption of human nature. Buddha call them the “Three Poisons” which are greed, anger and ignorance. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Buddhism does have a belief in Dharma (Sanskrit) and Karma (Cetana) which is a natural order. Buddhist exercise this by following the eightfold path by having the right view, right intention, right speech, right action. Right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right meditation. |
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View of Salvation |
Buddhism doesn’t carry the religions concept of salvation or a savior, however, the concept of freeing one’s self from the burdens of Kilesas, or the root of sin begins with following the four noble truths that 1. Life means suffering 2. The origin of suffering is attachment 3. The cessation of suffering is attainable 4. The path to cessation of suffering is through the eightfold path. |
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View of After Life |
Buddhism believe in what they call the “Bhava chakra” or the wheel of life. The wheel of life is divided into five realms which include death, rebirth and suffering which they are trying to escape. So as far as after life, they believe in reincarnation. |
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Practices and Rituals |
Prayer wheels are believed to be just as effective as reciting the sacred texts aloud. Mantras are words repeated in sequence in hopes of evoking enlightenment Meditation is done daily to grow and develop the mind Mudras are positions or gestures that symbolized the current state of the Buddhist. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Vesak is the most important celebration for Buddhist which celebrate the birth, enlightenment and passing away of Buddha. |
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Week 3 - Sources
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Fisher, M. P. (2014). Living religions (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson. |
Linnea, Paulette (2015), BBC Documentary - The Monk Buddhism Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqvnPEz_dWM |
Mocomikids (2012), Gautam Buddha - His Life and Teachings Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uajX2cSTmlI |
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DAOISM & CONFUCIANISM WEEK 4 |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
Daoism doesn’t have a true creation story but there is a Myth of Pan Ku that aligns with what many call the big bang theory. The Myth says in the beginning was chaos and the heavens and earth mingled and waited in what they called the “Universal EGG” waiting for the right moment until the egg “hatched”. Apart from this Myth Daoism is more aligned with cosmogony of one’s self. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
Daoism (Taoism) has one ruler and that’s Tao (The Way) they are not for or against God |
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View of Human Nature |
Daoism and Confucianism carry high value in human nature. “Ren”, which is the main principle in Confucianism excellence in character and one with human nature. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Daoism believes in the view of Ying and Yang but not necessarily good or evil. Daoism is a teaches a path and that anyone who is doing otherwise simply needs to be reminded of the path to follow. |
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View of Salvation |
Dao values life but doesn’t have a real view of salvation (savior) like Christianity does. Rather they promote life and good social interactions with one another. |
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View of After Life |
Daoism have no fear of life or death and believe that an afterlife will never be known by any human. They belief that there will be no punishment or rewards in death. |
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Practices and Rituals |
Practices include Temple rituals to regulate chi and balance yin and yang. They include meditation chants, playing of instruments and more. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Daoism and Confucianism celebrate most of the celebrations of life since those religions are more about being one with everyday life so the Ancestor Day and Chinese New Year are among some of the days celebrated. Also the Lantern Festival and Dragon Boat festivals are popular in Daoism. |
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Week 4 - Sources
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http://daoistperspective.blogspot.com/2010/10/afterlife.html . |
http://www.patheos.com/Library/Taoism/Beliefs/Human-Nature-and-the-Purpose-of-Existence . | |
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WEEK 5 SHINTO |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
According to Shinto, a heavenly Kami (Spirit) created the world. Amatsu Kami stood on the floating bridge in heaven dipped a sacred spear into the ocean and on pulling it out the drops created eight islands of japan. Amatsu Kami also created the entire world. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
Kami is a spirit that is found in all things. That means they worship multiple deities that relate to the type of passage they seek. |
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View of Human Nature |
Kami is found in all elements of nature but human nature is seen is pure but that humans inflict their own suffering and happiness. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Shinto believes that humans are inherently good and born pure then make evil by society and corruption. Purification comes in the forms of rituals to cleanse learned impurities. |
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View of Salvation |
Salvation is based on the belief that everything has Kami within. Kami is worshiped and also lives in us and besides purification following the natural path is used for your self-improvement. |
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View of After Life |
Kami also resides in death but is seen the same as birth as a simple entry (birth) and exit (death) into the invisible world. Karma follows you into death along with being transferred to the family so good or bad deeds follow into the afterlife. |
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Practices and Rituals |
Rituals in “Harai” which is a purification event for cars and aircraft for safe travel. Hotsumode is a New Year’s Day celebration. Dosojin Matsuri is the celebration of fire. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Shinto shares most celebrations within the culture like New Year, birth, weddings and so on. |
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Week 5 - Sources
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/beliefs/purity.shtml .
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http://www.patheos.com/Library/Shinto/Beliefs/Human-Nature-and-the-Purpose-of-Existence . |
https://shintoreligion.wikispaces.com/Shinto-Origins . http://people.opposingviews.com/shinto-salvation-3538.html . https://shintoreligion.wikispaces.com/Shinto-Origins . http://people.opposingviews.com/shinto-salvation-3538.html .
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WEEK 6 JUDAISM |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
God (YWYH, the unspeakable name of God) created the heaven and earth the sun and the moon and the stars. On the 6th day he created man and saw he was lonely. He put him to sleep and took a rib to create woman. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
God is omnipresent and the beginning of all things. God has made a covenant will his people and will bless and protect those who follow him. |
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View of Human Nature |
God created man in his image and gave him dominion over all living things. God also gave human the options of free will. Meaning that you had the choice of right or wrong and whether to follow him. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Good or Evil are based on laws set down by God and disobeying those laws takes you further away from his blessings. Temptation of worldly things (evil) will happen and when you disobey (sin) something must die in your place (sacrifices) to bring you back. |
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View of Salvation |
Salvation is earned through following the laws (commandments) and living a life God is pleased with. |
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View of After Life |
Depending on the life you live, the option is either to go up into the heavens to be next to God or be turned away at the gates and thrown into the pits of hell. |
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Practices and Rituals |
The Shabbat (Sabbath) is the holy day of worship specified in the Torah. The Torah also has micro (fence) laws other than the 10 commandments that specify what to eat, how to greet and so on. For example, do not eat unclean animals (pigs, buzzards, etc.). Fasting is a common ritual that is a time of cleansing the spirit in hopes of coming closer to God. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Judaism have festivals like the Passover, Day of Atonement and also their own version of the Festival of Lights |
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Week 6 - Sources
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http://www.jewfaq.org/human.htm |
http://www.beingjewish.com /toshuv/salvation.html |
http://www.religionfacts.co m/judaism/practices |
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WEEK 7 CHRISTIANITY |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
God created the heavens and the earth the stars, the sun and the moon and he saw that it was good. He created the plants trees. On the 6th Day he created man to govern over all things on the earth. He saw man was lonely, him to sleep and took a rib to created woman. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
God is the triune God consists of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. God (YWYH) in Hebrew is the all-powerful God who is the creator of all things. The son was sent to die for our sins and belief in his son is the only way to Salvation. The holy spirit lives and guides all his people into righteousness. |
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View of Human Nature |
Humans are made in the image of God, however we are born in sin and must accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Everyone is born in sin and good is being born again with a new heart and through God’s Grace and truth follow what is good in your heart. Evil surrounds you and temptation is all around trying to lure you out of that grace. Evil is also doing what is outside the new covenant laid down between God and his people. |
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View of Salvation |
Salvation is through accepting Jesus Christ as the Lord and Savior. In order for sin to be wiped clean something must die in its place and the blood of Jesus is the only way to be saved. |
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View of After Life |
If you accept Jesus Christ, then you will be saved and will be with him in Heaven and if you don’t then you’re on a path to hell where you will suffer forever in the afterlife. |
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Practices and Rituals |
Practices and rituals include communion, tithing, Baptism. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Celebrations include Lent which begins with the Passover and Good Friday, a reminder of when Jesus died on the cross and rose on the 3rd day symbolizing the end of the old covenant. |
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Week 7 - Sources
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http://www.patheos.com/Library/Christianity/Beliefs/Afterlife-and-Salvation. |
http://coldcasechristianity.com/2014/what-does-christianity-say-about-the-nature-of-god/. |
http://www.patheos.com/Library/Christianity/Beliefs/HumanNature-and-the-Purpose-of-Existence
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WEEK 8 ISLAM |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
Allah is the creator of all things. Islam separated all of these into two realms of the seen and unseen universe. Allah created all living things from water; that is in the earth then turned to the heaven and fashioned it as the seven stats and the knower of all things. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
Allah (The one true God) is eternal and man will never fully understand the power and divine nature of God. They can only pray while he watches over them and live within his favor. |
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View of Human Nature |
All mankind is created with the gift of free will, intellect and speech to transfer ones thought. Man is not bad in nature but will fall into temptation by letting sight and pride cloud out better judgement. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Doing what brings your closer to Allah is good and what puts distance between you can Allah is evil. Not praying. Evil is split in two as there is natural evil (disasters) and moral evil (human behavior). Everyone has natural instincts of right and wrong that should be followed before searing the conscience. |
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View of Salvation |
Salvation is through prayer and worship and submission to the teachings of Islam. |
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View of After Life |
Heaven and Hell exist and only the people who submit to the teaches of Allah make it to heaven and those who do otherwise will be case into Hell. |
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Practices and Rituals |
The month of Ramadan requires all fast as a reminder to remain humble and cleanse the spirit to bring them close to Allah. Prayer is done minimum 5 times a day. The Hajj is a pilgrimage that must be done atleast once to the Holy City of Makkah. |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Eid al-fitr is a breaking of the fast of Ramadan. Laylat al Raghaib is the day the Prophet Muhammed’s mother knew she was to have a child. |
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Week 8 - Sources
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https://www.alislam.org/books/pathwaytoparadise/LAJ-chp1.htm |
http://haqislam.org/muslim-beliefs/ |
http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/10256/core-values-of-islam/ |
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WEEK 9 SIKHISM
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
Sikhism believe the world is not as new as must religions believe but that Waheguru (God) created the earth millions of years ago. There was no sky, no earth and no life before creation. Sikhism believe they are one with creation and that God looks to protect his creation. |
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Nature of God/Creator |
Sikhism believe in one God and call his name Waheguru who is the creator of all things and has influence over all things. |
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View of Human Nature |
Sikhism influences its followers to become one with the creator. Human pride and selfishness come in the way of becoming one with Waheguru. |
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View of Good & Evil |
Waheguru gives everyone free will to do as they please and it is one’s self emotions of pride, greed, lust that cause them to get further and further away from Waheguru. |
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View of Salvation |
The Sikh focus on the ethical actions of life. These actions directly affect (Karma) how the afterlife and next life will be. |
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View of After Life |
Sikhism believe in the cycle of life, birth and death (re-incarnation). The afterlife is a paradise with God so death need not be feared. |
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Practices and Rituals | |||
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Celebrations & Festivals |
Maghi is when the 40 Sikhs that sacrificed their lives in the fight for Guru Gobind Singh are honored. |
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Week 9 - Sources
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http://www.patheos.com/Library/Sikhism/Beliefs/Afterlife-and-Salvation |
http://www.sikhs.org/ |
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ |
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WEEK 10 NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS |
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Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe |
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Nature of God/Creator |
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View of Human Nature |
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View of Good & Evil |
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View of Salvation |
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View of After Life |
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Practices and Rituals |
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Celebrations & Festivals |
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Week 10 - Sources
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