ID questions and short essay questions

middle_africa.ppt

Jihads of the Western Sudan

Introduction: reasons

Leaders and their wars

Usman Dan Fodio – Fulani invaded Hausaland, Gobir- Sokoto Caliphate

i) achievements, why?

Ahmadu Lobbo – Macina – Upper Niger

Impact of Jihads is spread of Islam

Social: revolutionary replaced the pre-Jihad

Migration, etc

Collapse of the Oyo Empire

Collapse of Oyo led to series of war, former states trying to take over the place of Oyo

Yoruba Wars: major Yoruba states- Ijaye, Ibadan

States and Societies in Middle Africa in the 19th Century
Introduction

Area include today’s Gabon, Congo, Angola, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, & Burundi
People: forest part was the habitat of Bantu speaking people who formed most of the population of Middle Africa
People grew bananas, maize, & pastoral agriculture

Kingdoms/Empires

Kongo
The kingdom’s greatest days was the 15th and 16th centuries
Had a powerful king, agricultural, etc.
Slavery, then came the Portuguese
Kingdom declined from the mid 17th century
Lunda Empire
Located to the south east around the time the Kongo, empire declined in the 19th century.
Traded ivory, slaves, beads, salt
Portuguese came, etc

Kingdoms/Empires

Luba & Kuba
Located eastwards towards Lake Tanganyika - also exploit ivory, copper, palm oil, and fish
Luba society noted for copper and their elaborate music
By 1870, Luba declined after ivory declined
Inter-Lacustrine Kingdom
Inter-Lacustrine
Kingdoms that grew between the Great Lakes of east Africa – they include Buganda, Bunyoro, Toro, Nkore, Haya, Rwanda, Burundi
The kingdoms rivaled each other: struggled for domination

Kingdoms/Empires

Tanzania & Kenya
Bantu speaking people. Problems involved land – fertility
During the 19th century Bantu speaking people (such as Kikuyu) began to hold the Masai in check
Overall, middle kingdom people focused on daily struggles, issues of nature, annual planting & harvesting, food supply, etc.