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Final-The Intelligence Test

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THE INTELLIGENCE TEST

Abstract

Intelligence or an individual’s IQ can be tested using numerous ways. For example, there are a number of tests that are known to just put across a single question or as can be precisely put, one question (American Documentation Institute, et al). When carrying out the intelligence tests, both of the subset scores and the individual scores are always obtained. Without dependence on the design used during the testing process, all of the intelligence tests always seem to have a centre in weighing the IQ of the individual. There is always a selection and designing of the tests components because they tend to predict the intellectual development of the later stage, like achievement in one’s education. IQ is also known to correlate with the one work performance, ‘’social pathologies’’ and socioeconomic advancements (American Documentation Institute, et al). There are several ways in which IQ has been linked with health, functional literacy and longevity. It should be noted that the intelligence tests have become designed in ways that makes it possible to derive the intelligence quotient that has been recorded from the numerous test score carried out and undergone standardization process.

The available conditions around the developed world has continued to make IQ to be very inheritable and as an individual grows up, the impact that the family has on ones IQ can sometimes go unnoticed. This suggests that the various differences that are seen in a grown-ups IQ can always be related to the variations that are seen in the persons’ genes, and the environmental sources. In the United Sates, there are several instances of IQ variations, averagely, siblings can have variations that go as high as 12points (Kalat, 2011). For an average human being, the scores by the IQ are always expected to be stable during their lifetime. However, it should also be noted that there are individuals who undergo rampant changes. One of the factors that can be responsible for the changes is the occurrence of a mental disability to an individual (Kalat, 2011). This work will be aimed at showing how intelligence tests are carried out and the various circumstances surrounding the whole process.

The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

Element 1: The Purpose of Intelligence Test

They are used in the process of diagnosing an individual’s disabilities or to provide a measure of their intelligence potential. During the process of testing, an individual is always required to answer some question. In most case, the questions are provided as a one. The skills being tested are always the ability of an individual to provide the best answer. The centre of the study is mainly based on the types of stimuli that are designed to produce a score with a basis on the model of the test maker. It should be noted that before one accepts to engage in an intelligence test, the first individual that they should contact is their personal doctor.

Element 2: The Appropriateness of Intelligence Test

They are used in the process of diagnosing an individual’s disabilities or to provide a measure of their intelligence potential

Element 3: The Materials Used During Intelligence Test

There are numerous methods of testing that are available for the testing the IQ of individuals.

Element 4: The Training during Intelligence Test

There are always a danger when an individual only receives training programs that are based on carrying out a single type of intelligence test. The problem comes when one also tend to read through how to carry out a single type of intelligence test. The areas which are mainly affected in this scenario are the individuals who receive training on the intelligence test relating to verbal and numerical types.

Element 5: Technical Quality during Intelligence Test

Although personality assessments have the chances of being valid and reliable, the bookmarkers have always placed a bet on their quality and accuracy. Intelligence tests tend to lack the ratter bias and have a relative stronger validity. For intelligence test to be regarded as being valid, then it should be at the position to provide the measure of the individual’s intelligence, but not their memory, the vocabulary, their guessing speed or their general speed. Furthermore, a reliable intelligence test is the instance when the score that a person records at a point remains the same as the score they produce at any other stage in the chain of the carried tests (Georgas, 2003). These two have been achieved in a good portion of the intelligence tests that have ever been carried before. Moreover, given the fact that it won’t change any time soon, intelligence tests will remain as the most recommended in providing the potential that an individual has.

Element 6: Tests Items and Formats during Intelligence Test

i. The format of the test items

There are several formats that the test item can take. For instance information, comprehension, arithmetic, similarities, vocabulary and digit span, formats.

ii. The formats of the test that are available

We have the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). It normally takes a duration of about 40-60 minutes to administer and when undertaken fully, it can generate the whole of the IQ scale (Hill & Hill, 2001). The second format available is the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (WPPSI) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale.

iii. The scores obtained from the test

There are numerous score that are obtained. For instance, we have like five basis index scores that are usually used: the visual spatial index, working memory index, verbal comprehension index, fluid reasoning index and processing speed index.

iv. Positive aspects of the test items and the formats, directions, answer sheets and score reports

The program enables the students’ reports levels to be recorded hence giving the parents the chance of knowing the progress that the students have made during their tie at school. It also give the teachers a chance of making improvements

v. Negative aspects of the test items and the formats, directions, answer sheets and score reports

In most cases it can make the students to feel demoralized with their education. This is due to the stagnation that individuals experience during their lifetime.

Element 7: The Procedures and the Materials Used During Intelligence Test

· When constructing the intelligence tests, the age of the examinee is always taken into consideration (Carter, 2013). These will have an influence on the outcome of the process and the way the contents are written.

· It enables the thinking skills of the participants to be taken into consideration.

· It allows for test specification to note down.

· It also allows for the table of the specifications to be jotted down.

Element 8: Modifications and Accommodations during Intelligence Test

Intelligence tests always allows for some specific modifications. In the world today, there are various types of intelligence tests that have been made available to use for the sake of both of the children and the adults at large. They include:

i. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

ii. The Differential Ability Scales

iii. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for the Children

iv. The Wechsler Individual Achievement Intelligence Test

v. The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence and,

vi. The Woodcock Johnson III Intelligence Tests of Cognitive Disabilities

The methods have been modified to incorporate tests for individuals for various types of disabilities. For instance, the visually impaired can now be able to successfully be subjected to any form of intelligence tests. The adaptation of the used instruments and verbal examinations can be used in varying group of individuals with disabilities. The age of the examinee should always be considered greatly (Carter, 2013). It allows for the types of the formats that will be selected and the way the items are written. The thinking skills are also considered to identify the standards of the participants. The intelligence test have gone through modifications and is currently able to provide a measure of the level of disability of an individual. The normal intelligence level of a person is between 80 to about 100 points (Swaiman, 2012). When the figure recorded is about 79 points and below, then the tests are referred to have a floor (Swaiman, 2012). This enable the individuals who have intellectual disabilities like the cases of the Down syndrome, the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the fragile X syndrome to have their intelligence measured.

Element 9: Group Difference during Intelligence Test

Intelligence tests that are administered in groups always entails various problems being used simultaneously and are used in mass situations. The examples include:

i. Multidimensional Aptitude Battery

ii. The Intelligence test for Cognitive Abilities

iii. Intelligence test for Scholastic Assessment

Summary

Intelligence tests are of great significance are of great importance and should be highly recommended for use in all aspects of life, especially in the developing children. However, the process should be carried out by a trained professional and with the consent of the individual who is being subjected to the same. Proper items and materials should be used, whereby the ratter should try their best not to make use of languages that seem to be oppressive to the participants (Carter, 2013). When these are done and all procedures followed as recommended, then all will surely go on well.

Recommendation

I would highly recommend the usage of intelligence tests when trying to identify the potential of an individual. This is due to the numerous advantages that it has to offer. The major strengths for intelligence test in terms of test items and materials (Swaiman, 2012).

· The test is a very simple way of administering exams

· The scoring can be said to be typically much objective, which has numerous advantages than the proactive approach.

· The test procedure provides an allowance to be administered to a large number of individuals at the same time

· The method allows for the use of large sample hence leading to better norms being established.

I would therefore advice that any individual who wants to undertake professional evaluation of their respective personality and their abilities intellectually should first seek medical attention from the available mental health professional, the psychologists (Taats, 1996). Moreover, it can always be taken as a breach of the professional ethics for one to administer any form of intelligence test or any other form of psychological tests without the individual who is participating test having full understanding of the nature and the motive of the test. It should also not be done without any form of follow-up by a practitioner who is qualified.

References

American Documentation Institute., American Chemical Society., American Society for Information Science., & Special Libraries Association Documentation abstracts. Washington, DC: Documentation abstracts.

Carter, P. (2013). The complete book of intelligence tests: 500 exercises to improve, upgrade and enhance your mind strength. Chichester, UK: Capstone Pub.

Carter, P. J. (2011). IQ and aptitude tests: Assess your verbal, numerical and spatial reasoning skills. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page Ltd.

Georgas, J. (2003). Culture and children's intelligence: Cross-cultural analysis of the WISC-III. Amsterdam: Academic/Elsevier.

Hill, G., & Hill, G. (2001). A Level psychology through diagrams. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kalat, J. W. (2011). Introduction to psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Handbook of intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Swaiman, K. F. (2012). Swaiman's pediatric neurology: Principles and practice. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders.

Taats, W. W. (1996). Behavior and Personality: Psychological Behaviorism. New York: Springer Pub. Co.