History
boomshakalaka
southern_africa.pptSouthern Africa
South African Environment
- Geography
- Climate
Ethnic Groups Before European Contact
- San
- Khoikhoi
- Civilization
- A More Settled People
- Nguni & Sotho
- Nguni: Xhosa, Thembu, Mpondo, Zulu, Ndebele
- Sotho: Basotho, Pedi, Lobedu, Ch
- Civilization
Arrival of Europeans
- Bartholomew Diaz (1488) arrived Cape, but returned
- 1497 Vasco da Gama
- Dutch East India Company
- 1651- appointment of Jan van Riebeeck
- 1652- arrived at the Cape-Table bay
White Invaders: Shaping of Cape Society to 1820
1) Introduction: B. Diaz, Vasco da Gama
- Netherlands: East India Company (VOC)
- Jan Van Riebeck
2) Frontier Struggle: Leaders, Cultivators, Pastoral Farmers
- Dutch versus Khoikhoi & San
- Frontier Wars 1659, 1667
- Struggle over cattle
- Tactics of Dutch (divide and conquer)
- Decline of Khoikhoi. Why?
- Significance
3) Emergence of Cape Colored
- Cape Society under VOC
Monopoly, slavery, class division
Eastern Frontier: White Settlers and Bantu People
- Introduction: Cooperation and conflict
- Initial contact: economic pleasure, political, religion
- Intermediaries: Khoisan
- Frontier struggle: stages
- Dutch/ Xhosa Wars
- 1778: Baron Joachim van Plettenberg and Gwali Chief
- 1781: Adrian van Jaarsveld atrocities
- 1786: Graaff-Reinet distinct
- GB intervenes
- Cape Governor and Labor Policy
- 1809 Hottentot Proclamation
- 1828 Ordinance 50
- Missionaries: Agents of Conquest
- 1820: Albany: Cultural Assimilation
- African reaction to conquest
- Witch craft, diviners, 1856: cattle killing, Nongqawuse; fragmentation
- Conflicts/ White view of Africans
- Cape Society under GB
Rise of the Zulu Kingdom
Introduction
Dingisawayo versus Chief jobe of Mthethwa
Rise of shaka
a) Background: Senzangakona & Nandi
b)1815: Chief of the Zulus
political organization
military establishment
conquest (Mfecane)
achievements
c) Decline, 1824: H. Fynn, F. Farewell, N. Isaacs
1828, Dingane
d) Consequences of Mfecane
depopulation, displacement
Zulu rise to dominance
Moshoeshoe & Sotho
Mzilikzi & Ndebele
The Great Trek
a) reasons
b) Events:
fought Nebele, 1836-37
fought Zulus 1837-40, death of Dingane
c) Consequences
-land, conquest, end of SA frontier
-
- Trekker Communities: struggled to secure independence from the British
-
- Sand River Convention, 1852: the GB agreed to recognize the independence of the Boers north of the Vaal (Transvaal) -
Bloemfontein Convention, 1854: GB withdrew and handed power over to the Boers who renamed the region Orange Free State
