ICO OnTimework101

Sample short paper using Turabian format and footnotes. You can also use parenthetical notes if you like. (Note, I made up all the following “information.”)

(You can put your name, date, and title here, or include a coversheet)

Introduction

This is considered a first level subheading. (Do not use all capital letters, that is only for the title of the paper.) You can underline or boldface.

Be sure to include an introductory paragraph (or maybe two, but no more since this paper is so short.)

Since the discovery of Paul’s letter to the Laodecians, many New Testament scholars have

poured over the document in an attempt to learn new information about Paul and the

early church period. By examining the letter to the Laodecians’ authorship, place and time of writing, and a commentary on the text itself more can be learned of this time period. [This last sentence is the thesis statement. It will summarize your paper in one sentence. Be sure to include a thesis statement. Think of it this way: if you only had one sentence to describe your paper, what would it say? Be sure to include a thesis statement in your paper. This will usually be located in the first paragraph of your paper.]

Author

Scholars disagree over Paul’s authorship of the Epistle to the Laodecians. The Epistle itself

claims Paul as its author. The beginning of the letter states, “I, Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ and

God the Almighty, and Tertius, my secretary, greet the church in Laodecia.”(Laodecia 1:1)

Smartt believes Paul did not write the Epistle because it describes revivals, which did not develop

until later. The footnotes goes at the end of the sentence and not at the beginning. On the other hand, Doit believes “Paul was looking forward to the time when revivals would be common.” Doit also reminds the reader that revivals had already occurred in the

early church period at the Day of Pentecost.

Place and Time of Writing

At the end of the Epistle, the author writes that he is in Venice: “I am staying at the

house of Venetian the Blind, along with other of the brothers.”(Laodecia 6:14) Of the

scholars reviewed for this paper who believed that Paul wrote this letter, all agree that

he wrote it in Venice. Some disagreement among scholars is evident when attempting to

determine the date. Paul’s visit to Venice is not listed anywhere else in the New Testament, and

so scholars have picked different dates for Paul to have authored this letter. Some scholars,

such as Success, believed that Paul wrote the letter in the early 50’s.

Description of Laodecians

1:1-5

[For the “second level” of subheadings (1:1-5), do not underline or boldface.]

In these first verses Paul greets the church and includes a blessing. Success believes the

author of the epistle borrowed the blessing from Psalm 1.

1:6-27

Immediately with verse six Paul attacks a group within the church in Laodecia who did not

believe he was an apostle and that his instructions on revivals were not divine instructions.

In verse 11 he refers to this group as “anti-apostles” and in verse 12-15 describes how

they wanted to disregard not only his teaching but also the teaching of all the apostles. Smith

explains that this group appeared in other churches in the early church period and that they

“formed a group between the Jewish Christians who wanted all Gentiles to become Jews

before becoming Christians—referred to as Judaizers—and Gentile Christians.”

Paul ends this section by describing the actions the church members should take against

the “anti-apostles.” In verses 26 and 27 he tells the church to put these false believers out of the

church. Heintz demonstrates that this theme runs through several of Paul’s letters. Heintz shows

how Paul was primarily concerned with the unity of the church and instructed other churches in

other epistles to discipline those striving to cause conflict by excommunicating them. [Please note: whenever you borrow information from the same author which are in two sentences back-to-back, you don’t put a reference at the end of each sentence, but only use one reference at the end of the last sentence which as the borrowed information.]

Bibliography

Do not use all capital letters, which is only for the title of the paper.

Doit, Lemme. Laodecians: Paul’s Forgotten Epistle and How It Applies Today. Louisville: John

Knocks Press, 1995.

Chip, Heintz K. “Paul and Laodecia.” Paul’s Story. http://www.paulsstory.com/laodecia.htm

(accessed May 10, 2010). [Be sure to include the entire web address of the website.]

No, Ida. Laodecians. New York: Big Books Publishers, 1999.

Smartt, Ima. “Letter to the Laodecians.” Paul 67, no. 5 (2008): 31-42. [Include the total pages of the article.] Paste website address here (accessed May 10, 2010).

Success, Ura. Laodecia: The Standard for Revivals. Washington, D.C.: Whaddya Know Press,

2001.

Remember, I made up all the “information” in this sample article, including the “quote” from Laodecia 6:14. When you quote from the Bible, you can either place the reference after the quote or you can use a footnote and place the reference at the bottom of the page as a footnote.

To see a list of examples of Turabian format, go here. I have included some examples below the website:

http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_citationguide.html

Some examples:

Footnote for book: 1Mark Nickens, Whatever Book (Greensboro, NC: Today’s Book Publisher, 2013), 65.

Footnote for article: 1Mark Nickens, “Title of Article” Title of Journal 65, no. 10 (December 2013): 65.

Bibliography for book: Nickens, Mark. Whatever Book. Greensboro, NC: Today’s Book Publisher, 2013.

Bibliography for article: Nickens, Mark. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal 65, no. 10 (December 2013): 50-75. [Give the total pages of the article.]

For websites, give all the information that you can, such as author, title of web page, and title of website, plus the date you accessed it.

� Ima Smartt, “Letter to the Laodecians,” Journal of Paul 67, no. 5 (2008): 36. Paste website address here if needed (accessed put date here). [Sample of an article]

� Lemme Doit, Laodecians: Paul’s Forgotten Epistle and How It Applies Today (Louisville: John Knocks Press, 1995), 387. [Sample of a book]

� Ibid., 389. [Whenever you repeat the same source after itself, use “Ibid.” instead of including the source’s total information again. Ibid. demands a period since it is an abbreviation.]

� Ura Success, Laodecia: The Standard for Revivals (Washington, D.C.: Whaddya Know Press, 2001), 88.

� Ibid.

� Ida No, Laodecians (New York: Big Books Publishers, 1999), 167.

�Heintz K. Chip, “Paul and Laodecia,” Paul’s Story. [Be sure to include as much information as you have.] � HYPERLINK "http://www.paulsstory.com/laodecia.htm" �http://www.paulsstory.com/laodecia.htm� (accessed May 10, 2010). [Be sure to include the entire web address of the website.] [Sample of a website]