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Chapter 2

The Process and Problems of Educational Research

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

How does a child learn to read?

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Research Question

Three Stages

Identifying questions for study

Refining the questions

Evaluating the questions

Feasibility

Educational importance

Relevance

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Formulating a Research Questions

Finding Information

Search the literature

Critically review information

Online resources

Refereed journals

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Educational Research Basics

Specify the research question

Identify appropriate bibliographic databases

Choose a search technology

Create tentative list of search terms

Narrow search

Refine search

Use Boolean search logic

Use appropriate subject descriptors

Check the results

Read the articles

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Searching the Literature

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Clarify goals

Quality is not guaranteed

Anticipate change

One size does not fit all

Be concerned about generalizability

Evaluate the sites

Avoid web addiction

Cite your sources

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Searching the Web

Web

Caveat emptor

Scholarly journal articles

ERIC

Psychological Abstracts

Assess each article separately

Assess implications for entire set of articles

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Reviewing the Research

The research question

The research design

The research findings and conclusion

Integrated literature review

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Single Article Review

Summarize prior research

Three questions

Critique prior research

Three questions

Present pertinent conclusions

Three guidelines

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

An Integrated Literature Review

Theory

Logically interrelated sets of propositions that help us make sense of many interrelated phenomena and predict behavior or attitudes that are likely to occur when certain conditions are met

Building and evaluating theory is one of the most important objectives of educational research

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

The Role of Educational Theory

Research circle

Deductive research

Hypothesis

Two or more variables

Independent

Dependent

Empirical generalizations

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Explanatory Research

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Begins with data which is then used to develop an explanation to account for the data

Exploratory research

Qualitative

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Inductive Research

Doesn’t connect theory to data

Begins with data and makes empirical generalizations based on data

Cornerstone of scientific research

Stimulates deductive and inductive research

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Descriptive Research

Validity

Measurement

Generalizability

Causal

Internal

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Educational Research Goals

Researchers who are skeptical about establishing validity

Subjective nature of educational world

Understanding of how others view the world

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Authenticity

So what?

Educators investigating their own practice and using results to modify instruction

Programs such as No Child Left Behind

Popularity of participatory school/classroom based research methods

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Practical Significance

Five Sections

Introductory statement

Literature review

Methodological plan

Ethics statement

Statement of limitations

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Educational Research Proposals

Authenticity

Debriefing

Deductive research

Dependent variable

Empirical generalization

Generalizability

Hypothesis

Independent variable

Inductive research

IRB

Practical Significance

Replication

Research circle

Educational research question

Theory

Validity

Variable

Check/Schutt, Research Methods in Education

Key Terms