History homework
thunder11
ap-ch1_1.ppt
Introduction
Ancient America Before 1492
Introduction
- Archaeology and History
- The First Americans
- Archaic Hunters and Gathers
- Agricultural Settlements and Chiefdoms
- Native Americans in 1492
- The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture
- Conclusion: The Legacy of Ancient America
Archaeology and History
- Archaeology
- Artifacts
- History
- Documents
Archaeology
- What Can We Know?
- What Can’t We Know?
Archaeology and History
- Prior to 1912 what did we think?
- Native Americans had arrived recently
- 3000-4000 year ago
- Paddled small boats across the Bering Strait
Prior to 20th
Century
Goerge McJunkin and Folsom
Goerge McJunkin and Folsom
- 1912 Found the Bone Pit and told Carl Schwachheim about it
- 1922 Schwachheim went to the site
- 1926 J. D. Figgins identified bones
Archaeology and History
The First Americans
- Asian Origins
- Paleo-Indian Hunters
Asian Origins
- Humans Adapted to the Cold.
- Changes that Reconnect N. America to Asia
Asian Origins
Paleo-Indian Hunters
- They hunted the large animals to extinction.
Paleo-Indian Hunters
- As the Paleo-Indian Hunters moved south for food they over hunted.
- Some believe that this caused the extinction of many of the larger mammals.
Paleo-Indian Hunters
Paleo-Indian Hunters
- The shift from Paleo to Archaic
- First They were forced to focus on smaller game.
- Second- They devoted more energy to foraging.
Archaic Hunters and Gathers
- Great Plains Bison Hunters
- Great Basin Cultures
- Pacific Coast Cultures
- Eastern Woodland Cultures
Archaic Hunters and Gathers
Archaic Hunters and Gathers
Agricultural Settlements and Chiefdoms
- Southwestern Cultures
- Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms
Southwestern Cultures
Southwestern Cultures
The Mississippian and Cahokia Civilizations
- 1st century AD
- Adena and Hopewell
- Mound builders
Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms
Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms
Burial Mounds and Chiefdoms
Native Americans in 1492
The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture
The Maya
- Around 300 BC – Replace the Olmecs
- Still a mystery
- Written Language
- A calendar
- Mathematics –
- better the 12th century Europe
Teotihuacan
- 200 BC
- Very rich farm lands
- City served as a religious center
- Pyramidal structures
- Pyramid of the Sun
- Larger in Volume than in Egypt
- 125,000 population
- Royal and Priest in the Center
- Barrios or quarters for commoners
The Toltecs
- AD 700-1100
- Group of northern Mexican nomads
- United many groups
- Will destroy Teotihuacan
- Will build Tula – maybe with slave labor
- Will be replaced by the Aztecs
- Aztecs will view them as heroes and great leaders
- 1300 Aztecs will overcome them
Aztec Rule in Mexico
- AD 1300-1500
- Went from Barbarians to Ruling Millions
- They adopt Mesoamerican cultures…
- They make them their own with inovations
The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture
Aztec Government and Society
- Basically Militaristic
- Pictorial Records – Codices
- Spanish used them to learn and control
- Emperor
- Officers of the Emperor – Feudal Lords
- Warriors
- Free people
- Serfs
- Slaves
The Mexica:
- Tenochtitlan Ruins, Mexico City
The Mexica:
- Great Temple Stairs, Mexico City
The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture
Very Nice Site
The Inca
- AD 1200-1532
- Started in Cuzco – in a valley in the Andies
- The Inca will build roads to unify the land
- No written language
- Machu Picchu - 1911
Incan Government and Society
- Ayllu – clans
- 2-4 clans in a village
- Lead by most able man in the clan
- Owe taxes to Cuzco
- Shows early concern for social welfare
- Poor harvest season – food distrabution
- Care for the destitute and old
