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Record: 1 Grass Appeal.
DILL, KATHRYN (AUTHOR)
Forbes. 4/19/2016, Vol. 197 Issue 5, p4042. 2p. 1 Color Photograph.
Article
*BUSINESS planning *CUSTOMER satisfaction *EXPANSION (Business) *DECISION making in business
TRACTOR Supply Co. Ticker: TSCO The article discusses the business strategy of Tractor Supply Co., the retail chain of farm stores. Topics include the impact of Tractor Supply's mission statement of knowing its customers and providing satisfying customer experiences on its emergence as a lifestyle brand, an increase in Tractor Supply's net profits and stock prices between 2011 and 2016, and the company's use of datasupported decision making to assist its expansion to its goal of 2500 stores.
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STRATEGIES TRACTOR SUPPLY
Grass Appeal
Smalltime farming is more a lifestyle than a business, a fact that Tractor supply Co. has leveraged to build a fastgrowing $6 billion retail chain that is largely immune to amazon.
Alongside stacks of 50pound bags of Producer's Pride Hog Grower pig food and sunshine yellow CountyLine HeavyDuty Super Spear hay handlers, Steve Barbarick, Tractor Supply Co.'s chief merchant, is rummaging through a bin of weighty grade5 hexagonal head bolts, the kind commonly used to fasten structural steel. Sure, you could buy similar bolts at Lowe's or Home Depot and pay for them individually, but at the Tractor Supply in Thompson's Station, Tenn. they are sold in bulk and cost only $3.69 a pound. And at those other stores you couldn't pick up a fourpack of Diamond Classic Heeled Horseshoes on the same trip.
"We always say you can buy everything we sell someplace else, but you can't find someplace else that sells everything we carry," says Barbarick.
Nearby, a bearded man in mudspattered boots and a cherryred "Make America Great Again" hat is perusing a rack of overalls. He's the kind of shopper around whose precise needs and habits Tractor Supply has built a $6.2 billion (2015 revenues) business. The typical Tractor Supply customer owns land, keeps pets, raises chickens and drives a pickup. Some are hobbyists, but many of them have professional farming operations, although their holdings are likely measured in acres, not square miles.
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Tractor Supply has approached retail's cardinal rule of "Know Your Customer" as both mission statement and math problem, and in the process has become an (albeit unlikely) lifestyle brand, famed for an instore experience so satisfying that its rusticchic brickandmortar operations are well fortified against the onslaught of consumers who want to buy everything on their smartphones.
"They are the store for people that actually know what they're doing, as opposed to doityourselfers or for home improvement," says Dave Marcotte, who researches retail trends for Londonbased global consultancy Kantar Retail. "Compressedair tools, welding torches, pet foods, apparel—all of that stuff is very functional, but it's associated with people that know what it is. You're not going there for discovery."
That laser focus has paid off. The retailer boasted $410 million in net profits last year, a 6.6% margin. Two decades of increasing profits and a stock price that's climbed 250% in the past five years (to a recent $89.56) have made the company a Wall Street favorite.
Tractor Supply has 1,500 locations spread across 49 states; the company plans to open around 115 stores in 2016 and about 120 stores per year after that until 2,500 are in operation, mostly in rural or exurban areas. The growth has been largely financed through cash from operations. Longterm debt stands at just $167 million as of the end of 2015.
That expansion is not happening willynilly. A wave of datafueled decisionmaking takes place long before a new store opens. Potential locations are identified using a model that considers dozens of factors—including the number of tractors and head of cattle in the immediate vicinity—to predict a store's viability.
Roughly 15% of store merchandise is tailored to each "hyperlocalized" market: One Kentucky store may cater to equestrians while another mere miles away carries products for life in coal country. To differentiate itself from big box home improvement stores, Tractor Supply shuns suburban staples like indoor paint, as well as plants that don't bear fruit. In their places are barn and implement paint, traps for large rodents and anything needed for "home chickening."
It hasn't always been a hayride. Ten years ago the company's strategy was "some science, but it was mostly art," says Tractor Supply CEO Greg Sandfort, whose measured country drawl belies his 30plus years in retail's corporate trenches at places like Michaels and Sears. "We've really moved the company from an artbased operation to more sciencebased."
Tractor Supply's rebirth as a finely tuned product of that science is relatively recent, given the store's 78year history. The company got its start in Minot, N.D. in 1938 as a mail order supplier of tractor parts. Storefronts followed, and in 1959 Tractor Supply went public for the first time. But small American farms declined over the next decades, and the company diversified away from its core customers, making questionable acquisitions and faltering in its mission to become the "Sears of farm supply."
Tractor Supply was acquired by National Industries in 1969, and in turn, National was bought by Fuqua Industries in 1978. A managementled leveraged buyout in 1982 restored the company's independence, and key moves throughout the 1980s and 1990s—including a second public offering in 1994 and subsequent heavy expansion into Florida—helped increase revenues to $1 billion in 2002.
Now the average 16,000squarefoot Tractor Supply store is manned by a team of 12 to 15 local "lifestylers"— the type of people who would shop at Tractor Supply even if they didn't work there. A staff roster in the employee lounge of the Thompson's Station store lists one associate's skills as "farmer's daughter, barrel racer."
"They are credible with our customer base," says Sandfort. "I can teach you how to run a store and our
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processes, but I can't teach the lifestyle. You either live it, know it—or you don't."
Farming expertise and word of mouth are crucial to the chain. Tractor Supply advertises a paltry 14 times each year (many retailers advertise yearround), preferring instead to pursue partnerships with organizations like 4H and the Future Farmers of America, and using onsite initiatives like pet clinics to bring in new customers. "Learn their pet's name," says Barbarick, "and you've got a customer for life." Fortyfour percent of Tractor Supply's revenues derive from animal care, including livestock.
Nearly a tenth of the chain's revenue comes from apparel, including store brands like C.E. Schmidt, a collection aimed at the customer who aspires to Carhartt's $119 Sierra Jacket (which the store also carries) but for whom an $89 price tag is more realistic. Even better, exclusive lines ensure that customers can't find an item cheaper on Amazon.
Not that Amazon is a big concern. Less than 1% of Tractor Supply's revenue comes from ecommerce, and increasing that number isn't a top priority. Physical stores and a deep connection to the countryside remain at the company's core.
"The whole lifestyle concept is aspirational," says Barbarick. "But I think everybody likes the idea of going back to their roots."
FINAL THOUGHT: "Customer satisfaction is worthless. Customer loyalty is priceless." —JEFFREY GITOMER
PHOTO (COLOR): Tractor Supply CEO Greg Sandfort: "We have redefined what the farm store business is all about."
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