Research Paper Working Outline
Impaler_2019
annotated_bibliography.docx1
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TEEN PREGNANCY
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TEEN PREGNANCY
Annotated Bibliography: Teen Pregnancy
Sean Hall
Liberty University
Kearney, M. S., & Levine, P. B. (2012). Why is the teen birth rate in the United States so high and why does it matter? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), 141-166.
This economic perspective journal aims at addressing the reasons the rate of teen pregnancy is unusually high in the US as a whole as well as some of its states in particular compared to several other countries. For instances, the rate of US teens childbearing is 2.5 times that in Canada, around four times that in Germany and almost ten times that in Switzerland. The journal examines teen birth rates alongside “shotgun” marriage rates, abortion and pregnancy as well as the sexual behaviors and contraceptive use. It demonstrates that disparity in income inequality across developed countries and the US States can explain to some extent the geographic variation in teen pregnancy. The authors conclude that teenage girls subjected to a low economic trajectory in their life are more likely to children while still young and unmarried. They view that teen childbearing is high in the US because of the underlying economic and social problems.
Mothiba, T. M., & Maputle, M. S. (2012). Factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in the Capricorn district of the Limpopo Province. curationis,35(1), 1-5.
This study involves a descriptive quantitative research with the purpose of identifying factors contributing to teenage childbearing in the village of Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used simple random probability sampling to select 100 pregnant teenagers from a population of all those who attended antenatal care between June to August 2007 at a clinic in the Capricorn. By using descriptive statistical data analysis, the researchers found that the ages of 24% of the respondents ranged between 15-16 years with those of 76% ranging between 17 and 19 years. About 60% of these girls started to engage in sex aged between 13-15 years, and 48% of them had partners aged 21 years and above. Furthermore, 20% of the respondent depended on father’s income, 44% on a single parent’s income, 8% on the grandparent’s pension fund, and 16% relying on social grants. The findings also identified the lack of knowledge of accessing conventional methods of avoiding pregnancy due to fear of seeking such information and poor expectations concerning getting education and job as main contributing factors to teen pregnancy.
Acharya, D. R., Bhattarai, R., Poobalan, A., Teijlingen, V. E., & Chapman, G. (2014). Factors associated with teenage pregnancy in South Asia.
The objective of this journal article is to determine the risk factors portrayed by teenage pregnancy in South Asia countries. The study involved undertaking a systematical review of web-based information, and CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE database from 1996 to 2007. The results from seven countries identified low educational attainment, social-economic factors, family and cultural structure as risk factors for teen pregnancy. Furthermore, the study reports the majority of teenage girls to have basic knowledge on sexual health, but very few of them apply it into practice resulting to consistent report on both medical and social consequences of youth pregnancies.
Patel, P. H., & Sen, B. (2012). Teen motherhood and long-term health consequences. Maternal and child health journal, 16(5), 1063-1071.
This research aimed at examining the association between teenage motherhood and the physical and mental health outcomes in the long term. The study used physical and mental health components, or PCS and MCS, to assess long-term health consequences of women who went through teenage motherhood. The population included two groups of women; mothers who experienced teen pregnancy and those who did not experience pregnancy but engaged in unprotected sexual activity while still below nineteen years. The average PCS for teen mothers was 49.91 while the MCS was 50.89, both being lower than that of all other women. According to the findings, teen mother presented poorer physical health in their later life compared to those who did not have pregnancies. However, the research attributed the poorer mental health outcomes in teen’s mother later life to unmeasured factors that contributed to a teen pregnancy.
Allen, J., Gamble, J., Stapleton, H., & Kildea, S. (2012). Does the way maternity care is provided affect maternal and neonatal outcomes for young women? A review of the research literature. Women and Birth, 25(2), 54-63.
This article contains a systematic search of several major health databases to see whether the way health institutions offer maternity care affects maternal as well as neonatal consequences for the young woman. The study was based on the fact pregnant teenage girls from a low social-economical background tends to continue the pregnancy. Furthermore, this status motivates several risk factors that may, in turn, have a greater effect on perinatal and neonatal morbidity than the woman’s youth age. Most pregnant teens feel that health care providers are judgmental, leading to late booking for pregnancy care, not attending all appointment or not attending any antenatal care. The research found Group Antenatal Models of maternity care such as Midwifery Group Practice to increase prenatal visit and breastfeeding initiation as well as reducing the risk of preterm birth.
Sherman, L. E., & Greenfield, P. M. (2013). Forging friendship, soliciting support: A mixed-method examination of message boards for pregnant teens and teen mothers. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 75-85.
The relationship between teen mother or pregnant teens and friends who have not had a pregnancy are uncorrelated with overall wellbeing. However, friends who have all experienced a pregnancy may offer more support to each other. Online messaging boards provide excellent platform for mothering and pregnant adolescents to connect. In this study, 200 threads were selected randomly from four messaging boards for mothering and pregnant teens and a mixed-method content analysis performed on the posts and responses. They found most of these post aiming at developing supportive community and establishing friendships rather than soliciting pregnant-related advice. Besides, most of these messages were significantly more positive. Therefore, the study proposed that pregnant or mothering teens could offer social supports to others, enhancing the well-being of pregnant and mothering young women.
Svoboda, D. V., Shaw, T. V., Barth, R. P., & Bright, C. L. (2012). Pregnancy and parenting among youth in foster care: A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 867-875.
This journal reviewed sixteen studies related to parenting and pregnancy in the foster care population to determine teen pregnancy, parenting and birth rate for youth in foster care. The report suggested a greater risk for unfortunate outcomes of early parenthood and pregnancy for this population. The research considered possible reasons for this elevation, the motivations to youth for parenting and the barriers making them not to prevent pregnancies. It also proposed for policy and practice guidance on matters concerning reproductive health and pregnancy prevention for youth in foster care.
Al-Sahab, B., Heifetz, M., Tamim, H., Bohr, Y., & Connolly, J. (2012). Prevalence and characteristics of teen motherhood in Canada. Maternal and child health journal, 16(1), 228-234.
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristic of teen motherhoods across all provinces in Canada. It involved the Maternity Experience Survey that was targeting women aged fifteen and above years who gave birth to live singletons between 2005 and 2006 in this region. The mother’s age during the delivery was the primary dependent variable in this study divided into teen mothers aged less than 20 years and average-aged women with between 20 and 35 years. The average age of teen mother was 18.1 years and occupied a proportion of 2.9% in the MES study. The young parents were more likely to be non-immigrants, have low socioeconomic status, reside in the Western prairies, have no partner, have experienced sexual or physical abuse in their life time, and would have preferred having a child later in their adulthood, as compared to average-aged women.
Black, A. Y., Fleming, N. A., & Rome, E. S. (2012). Pregnancy in adolescents. Adolescent medicine: State of the art reviews, 23(1), 123-38.
This journal offers a comprehensive review of teen pregnancy by highlighting factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy, global statistics, neonatal and obstetrical outcomes, social implications of youth pregnancy and the need for multidisciplinary antennal as well as postnatal care. The review acknowledges the fact that adolescent pregnancy is a public health issue with considerable societal, emotional and medical consequences for the teenage mother, her family and her child. These pregnancies are prone to many adverse outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, infant and neonatal mortality.
Tocce, K. M., Sheeder, J. L., & Teal, S. B. (2012). Rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents: do immediate postpartum contraceptive implants make a difference? American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 206(6), 481-e1.
