Information security professionals must understand the organization’s scope of legal and ethical responsibilities. According to the author, information security plays a crucial role in the management of liability for the privacy and the security risks. In a litigious society, civil courts enforce the laws as damages are awarded to plaintiffs that bring suits against organizations. Information security practitioners must understand the current legal environment to be able to minimize liability and reduce risks as they assess the emerging issues. The employees and the management of organizations need to understand the proper use of information and the legal and ethical obligations to ensure the organization remains focused on the primary objectives. Laws carry the authority of the governing body while ethics base on the cultural attitude of particular groups.
The effect of watching television for young children is detrimental to language development
Sweetser, P., Johnson, D., Ozdowska, A., & Wyeth, P. (2012). Active versus passive screen time for young children.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(4), 94-98.
The author investigates the Australian Government’s Longitudinal Study of the Children dataset to identify the Screen Time recommendations since most of the children spent a considerable time viewing television other than playing video games and computer use. The author categorizes Screen Time into Active Screen Time and Passive Screen Time. According to the author, the classification will provide accurate information that associate viewing with positive and negative effects on the young children. The cohort study finds different children metabolic and psychological response between watching television and playing video games. Playing active games is similar to jogging, walking, and skipping. TV viewing according to the author is detrimental to infants and toddlers in the development of language development and vocabulary.
The number of siblings and their position in the family in terms of birth effects language development
Yuriko, O., &Goodz, E. (1996). Birth Order Effects on Early Language Development: Do Second born Children Learn from Overheard Speech? Child Development, 67(2), 621-634.doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep9605280331
The author of this cohort study performs an investigation in the language development of first born and second born children in English speaking families. According to the author second born children benefit from the overheard conversation between the first born and the caregivers to learn personal pronouns. The length of the utterances and total vocabulary measures the general language development. The result of the study finds that the second born advance more than the first born in pronoun production and general language development. The second born children benefit from the overhead conversation directed to other siblings.
Stanton-Chapman, T. L., Chapman, D. A., Kaiser, A. P., & Hancock, T. B. (2004). Cumulative Risk and Low-Income Children's Language Development. Topics In Early Childhood Special Education, 24(4), 227-237.
The author utilizes electronic data linkage to examine the presence of risk factors during birth on language development of children. The author uses historical administrative data to support prevention and early identification efforts. According to the author, risk entails the exposure to the biological and environmental conditions that increase the chances of negative development outcome. The traditional setting focuses on the early risk factors since the individual is vulnerable to the environment in the early stages of development. Poverty is an example of risk factor that places children at exposure of health problems such as malnutrition, mental health problems, and asthma. Multiple exposures of the risk factors to children can lead to the development of disabilities. The condition leads to the children scoring a below than average on the standardized tests on the language performance.
The rise of infant TV viewing
Christakis, D. (2009). The effects of infant media usage: what do we know and what should we learn? ActaPaediatrica, 98(1), 8-16.doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01027.x
The rise of TV viewing in children begins in the 1990s and has today become a common occurrence. More than 90 percent of children begin watching TV regularly before the age of 2 years. The rapid dissemination of the technology compares with the recent innovation of cellular phones. The present families have more than one TV set that are necessary due to the evolution of channels in the marketing segment that creates a chain of viewing television all the time. Baby First TV is the first cable channel launched in 2006 so as to subscribe an entire day to children tailored programming. The study does not provide any evidence to suggest that an early exposure to TV will enhance children language development.
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