Please read the questions in attachments.
adviatha
overview_of_ai.pptCSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
1956 - conference
1. Origins of AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Eliza session …
I am lonely How long have you been lonely?
For as long as I can remember Can you elaborate on that?
My mother hates me Who else in your family hates you?
Everyone does Surely not everyone
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Eliza session …
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
1970s high hopes
Shannon
“Robot Servants”
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
1980s real problems
Lenat
CYC project
Lincoln
“Left Foot”
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Doug Lenat - Cycorp
"Once you have a truly massive amount of information integrated as knowledge, then the human-software system will be superhuman, in the same sense that mankind with writing is superhuman compared to mankind
before writing." ~ Doug Lenat,
June 21, 2001
http://www.cyc.com/
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
2. Weak AI
Goal - simulate intelligent behavior
in a specific area
Two “camps” of AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
a. expert systems
input
process
output
symptoms
diagnoses
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
(i) knowledge base
many facts
(ii) inference engine
apply rules (“reason”)
processing:
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Logical Operations
Processing operations in an expert system =
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Demo - Microexpert
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
(i) assist people
(ii) replace people
purpose:
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Will computers replace people?
“Pilot-less” airplanes?
Should computers replace
people?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Objective: Create Thinking Machines via Human Equivalence
3. Strong AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
First step in problem solving is to …
understand the problem
a. Can computers be intelligent?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Intelligent
Meaning of “Intelligent”
A hierarchy of activities:
Key word is ...
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
thinking
reasoning
understanding
. . .
learning
. . .
remembering
computing
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Compute?
Memory?
Can computers do these things?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Can computers do these things?
Compute?
Memory?
Learn?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
investigate learning
Game Playing -
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Game Playing (Chess)
AI approach
learn & heurisitics
Brute Force approach
speed to look ahead
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
AI approach
learn & heurisitics
Game Playing (Chess)
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Do creators of world-class chess programs have to be experts?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Chess playing applications learn to play better chess over time.
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Is this learning?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Chess champion loses match to computer
5 December 2006
World chess champion Vladimir Kramnik lost the sixth and decisive game against computer program Deep Fritz on Tuesday, ceding a hard-fought Man vs. Machine match 4-2. The Russian takes $500,000 — half of what he would have received if he had won against Deep Fritz, a commercially available chess program that runs on a powerful personal computer.
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Chess champion loses match to computer
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Deep Fritz
I use Fritz regularly for my analysis." - GM Garry Kasparov, Ranked #1 in the World
"Deep Fritz 8 is stronger than Deep Blue." GM Vladimir Kramnik, World Chess Champion
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
“I don’t know”
because …
I don’t know what “intelligent” means
Can computers be intelligent? My answer:
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
My reaction is … Yes
Human beings are wonderfully creative
Can computers be intelligent?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
I’m not willing to bet against human creativity
Pseudo-story by Bill Gates - patent office in 1890s
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
b. Will You Live On In the Mind of a Computer?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Prof. Hans Moravec
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
D. Origin of Information and Intelligence
Meaning of anything is connected to its origin
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Data … information …
1. What is information?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Origin …
2. What is intelligence?
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Intelligence Information
Information Theory
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
In an age of skepticism, cynicism, and false “freedoms,” Dorothy Sayers (1893-1957) was a passionate and occasionally scathing voice of reason
CSC 515 / 815 Overview of AI Slides - Dr. Gary Locklair
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Proverbs
