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12.5 percent of Virginians under age 65 are without medical insurance which equals about 874,000 uninsured Virginians (Skopec, 2014).

By far, the greatest percentage of uninsured Virginians are U.S. citizens (76.9%). Almost half (48.6%) are part of families with at least one full-time worker. Another 19.2% are in families with at least one part-time worker. 40 percent of all uninsured Virginians live below the Federal Poverty Level (39.8%), and over 70 percent of uninsured adults have incomes at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (72.2%) (KFF, 2016).

Just under half of the uninsured in Virginia are white, non-Hispanic: 44.7% are Caucasian/White, 24.6% are African American/Black, 20.6% are Hispanic, 7.2% are Asian/Pacific Islanders and 3% identify themselves as “other” (Skopec, 2014).

The total population in India is 1,300,000,000. Gross national income per capita is in dollars is 5. The Life expectancy is 67 years for males and 70 years for females. The total expenditure on health per capita in dollars is 267 and as a % of GDP it was 4.7 (WHO, 2016). Out of this 4.7%, health insurance accounts for 5-10% of expenditure, employers account for around 9% while personal expenditure amounts to an astounding 82% (Jacob, 2013).

The first health insurance policies in India were Mediclaim Policies which was a government policy started in 1986. In 2000, government of India liberalized insurance and allowed private sector into the insurance industry (Jacob, 2013). Health insurance in India typically pays for only inpatient hospitalization and for treatment at hospitals in India. Outpatient services were not payable under health policies in India (Dey, 2015). The start of private insurers in India saw the introduction of many innovative products like family floater plans, critical illness plans, hospital cash and outpatient care policies (Dhanuraj, 2015).

When it comes to health insurance, less the 20% of Indian population is covered under any health insurance scheme, public or private (Dey, 2015). Over 85% of Indians in rural areas and 82% of urban residents are uninsured. 70% of Indians live in rural areas (Bansal, 2016) Furthermore, it was found that coverage is correlated with living standards, as in urban areas, over 90% of the poorest residents are not covered, while the figure is 66% for the richest residents. The poorest areas are in parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh (Damodaran, 2015).

Bibliography

Skopec, Laura; Gates, Jason; Kenney, Genevieve; Profile of Virginia’s Uninsured, 2016; Virginia Health Care Foundation; Retreived July 27th 2016; http://www.vhcf.org/data/profile-of-the-uninsured/

KFF, Kaiser Family Foundation; Retrieved July 28th 2016; http://kff.org/state-category/health-coverage-uninsured/

WHO, World Health Organization, Retrieved July 27th 2016; http://www.who.int/countries/ind/en/

Dhanuraj, D; March 23rd 2015; Health Insurance and Telecom Markets – A Comparative Study; Center for Public Policy Research; Retrieved July 28th 2016; http://www.cppr.in/article/health-insurance-and-telecom-markets-a-comparative-study/

Dey, Sushmi; September 24th 2015; Less than 20%of the Population under health insurance cover: Report; The Times of India; Retrieved July 28th 2016; http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Less-than-20-of-population-under-health-insurance-cover-Report/articleshow/49082784.cms

Bansal, Samarth; April 12th 2016; Health Care: Too Little, Too Scarce; The Hindu; Retrieved July 27th 2016; http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/policy-and-issues/health-insurance-in-india-too-little-too-scarce-reveal-national-sample-survey-data/article8462747.ece

Damodaran, Harish; November 26, 2015; In India’s poorest district, poverty doesn’t mean hunger; The Indian Express; Retrieved July 28th 2016; http://indianexpress.com/profile/author/harish-damodaran/

Wikipedia, Retrieved July 28th 2016; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_India