URGENT DUE IN 10 Hours
Ricardo2222
group_1_animal_testing.ppsx
Animal testing VS Medical research
Group 1
Trang Vu, Dylan Zemitis, Biraspati Adhikari, Sean Reichelderfer
Which side are you on?
Before we start, I want to know what people in the class think about this topic, whether they agree or disagree. I will count the people on each side and note them down.
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What is animal testing?
In-vivo testing, use of non-human animals in experiments
26 million animals used every year in the US
Since at least 500 BC
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Products that tested on animals
| Vaccines | Febreeze | Lysol | Listerine |
| Insulin | Clorox | Tide | Pantene |
| Antibiotics | Glade | Head & Shoulder | Dove |
| Anesthetics | ChapStick | Vaseline | MAC cosmetics |
I will ask for some volunteers to pick out products they think that tested on animals. After that I will reveal that these products all tested on animals.
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Pros ?
Here, I will ask the people on the ‘animal testing’ side why they support animal tests.
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Did you know that?
A 2011 poll of nearly 1,000 biomedical scientists conducted by the science journal Nature found that more than 90% "agreed that the use of animals in research is essential."
Pros
Contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments
No adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system
Animals are similar to human beings in many ways most appropriate research subjects
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Cons ?
I will ask what people against ‘animal testing’ why they disagree with animal tests.
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Cons Animal testing is cruel and inhumane.
Force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, etc
Draize eye test
97,123 animals suffered pain (USDA 2010)
95% of animals used in experiments are not protected by the Animal Welfare Act.
1. According to Humane Society International, animals used are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation and many more
2. The Draize eye test, used by cosmetics companies to evaluate irritation caused by shampoos and other products, involves rabbits being incapacitated in stocks with their eyelids held open by clips, sometimes for multiple days, so they cannot blink away the products being tested.
3. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) covered about 1 millions animals used for testing in fiscal year 2010, which leaves around 25 million other animals that are not covered. These animals are especially vulnerable to mistreatment and abuse without the protection of the AWA.
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Cons Alternative testing methods exist
In vitro testing
Artificial human skin
Computer models
In vitro testing, such as studying cell cultures in a petri dish, can produce more relevant results than animal testing because human cells can be used.
Artificial human skin is made from sheets of human skin cells grown in test tubes or plastic wells and can produce more useful results than testing chemicals on animal skin
Computer models, such as virtual reconstructions of human molecular structures, can predict the toxicity of substances without invasive experiments on animals
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Cons Not all drugs that pass animal tests are safe.
The 1950s sleeping pill ‘thalidomide’
Arthritis drug Vioxx
94% of drugs that pass animal tests fail in human clinical trials
The 1950s sleeping pill thalidomide, which caused 10,000 babies to be born with severe deformities, was tested on animals prior to its commercial release.
Animal tests on the arthritis drug Vioxx showed that it had a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths before being pulled from the market
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Cons Animal tests are expensive
Animal tests are more expensive than alternative methods and are a waste of government research dollars.
(Humane Society International)
| Test | In-vivo (animals testing) | In-vitro counterparts |
| Unscheduled DNA synthesis | $32,000 | $11,000 |
| Rat phototoxicity test | $11,500 | $1,300 |
| Rat uterotrophic assay | $29,600 | $7,200 |
What do you think now?
I plan to ask people to do a poll, yes or no and then count them, and compare that answers to the one we got at the beginning of the facilitation
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References
http://animal-testing.procon.org/
http://www.peta.org/living/beauty/companies-that-still-test-on-animals/
http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/resources/faqs/
Please add references that you have in the research proposal here.
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