Response Analysis - Please have a GOOD command of English as many on here DO NOT
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
1/15
TABLE 188: Analysis of Variance of Sales Changes
Source of Variation Sum of Squares Degrees of Freedom (df) Mean Sum of Squares F ratio
Advertising 360 3 120 3.0a
Store size 88 2 44 1.1
Interaction 984 6 164 4.1b
Unexplained variation 480 12 40
Total 1,912 23
a
Significant at the .10 level.
b
Significant at the .05 level.
Cases for Part III: Data Analysis
SPSS® CASE IIII: The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra 1
Daniel Gardiner and Charles Weinberg
At an afternoon meeting at the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra (VSO) offices, three executives, concerned with the marketing of the VSO, were discussing some of the challenges they currently faced.2
Ed Oscapella:
We’ve got to do something, and do it fast, to get out of this difficult situation. Time is running out of the 1987/88 season.
Jane Corbett:
From my point of view, I’ve got to find out who wants what: Do subscribers want something different than nonsubscribers? If so, what? We’ve got all this information that needs analyzing and I’m hoping it will be useful in marketing the 1987/88 season.
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
2/15
E. Douglas Hughes:
I’ve got to decide on an appropriate theme or themes to communicate to the segment(s) we go after. We’ve got to give the printers sufficient lead time to get our brochures out, so I need to know what to focus on in the promotion.
Armed with the computer data from a recent audience survey completed January 6, 1987 (four weeks earlier), the three knew that they had to sift through all the information very carefully. Within two weeks, they had to come up with a set of specific and actionable recommendations. The VSO’s Board had already voted to cancel many concerts in June so as to lower its deficit.
All three agreed that perhaps their immediate task was to build ticket sales for the remaining four months of the 1986/87 season. The guest artist and concert schedule from February through June is shown in Marketing Research in Action III1. During this time period, two subscription series were offered. The first was a sixconcert “Seagram Pops” series. The second was a fiveconcert celebration series. In the prior year, a “Musically Speaking” series and “Jubilee” series were both offered.
Background
Situated midway between Asia Pacific countries and the United Kingdom and approximately 40 miles north of the United States, Vancouver is Canada’s third largest city. Home to more than 1.3 million people, Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area in Western Canada and is an emerging center of international trade and investment.
Vancouver is rated one of the five most beautiful cities in the world, and in addition to varied recreational and sports attractions, Vancouver has many cultural and theatrical attractions as well. These include the Vancouver Museum, the Queen Elizabeth Playhouse, the Arts Club, the Vancouver Art Gallery, the Vancouver Opera Society, and the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra.
MARKETING RESEARCH IN ACTION III1: VSO Guest Artist and Concert Schedule February–June 1987
Date Series Conductora Soloist
Feb. 7, 9 CS#1 R. Barshai I. Kipnis, harpsichord
Feb. 13 Recital V. Ashkenazy, piano
Feb. 15, 16, 17 J#8 R. Barshai CL Lin, violin
Feb. 19, 20, 21(2) Bal #2
P. N. Balet
VancCantata Singers
Feb. 24(2) School P. McCoppin K. Rudolph, pic., E. Volpe, hp.
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
3/15
Feb. 27, 28, Mar. 2, 3
POP#2 S. Dankworth No soloists
Mar. 8, 9, 10 J#9 H. Holliger Cond & ob soloist
Mar. 12 Recital M. Perahia, piano
Mar. 14, 16 CS#2 G. Sebastion B. Tuckwell, hn
Mar. 18 BenefitConcert M. J. Fox, T. Banks, B. Zarankin, piano/E. Northcott
Mar. 19, 20, 21(2) Bal #3 E. Stafford Royal Winnipeg Ballet
Mar. 24 SP Bal P. McCoppin R. Nureyev and Friends
Mar. 29, 30, 31 J#10 Y. P. Tortelier W. Klien, piano
April 3, 4, 6, 7 POP#3 R. Hayman The Cambridge Buskers
April 6 Tea &Trumpets P. McCoppin E. Northcott, sop, O. Lowry, host
April 12, 13, 14 J#11 K. Akiyama L. Lortie, piano
April 18, 20 CS#3 T. Otaka A. de Larrocha, piano
April 21 SP P. McCoppin
B. Buckley Visions: Mission Andromeda
Apr. 24, 25, 27, 28 POP#4 M. Miller No soloists
May 3, 4, 5 J#12 R. Barshai Bach Choir: J. Coop, piano: M. Collins, sop; S. Graham, mezzo; G.Evans, tnr; D. Garrard, bass
May 9, 11 CS#4 R. Barshai E. Mathis, sop
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
4/15
May 9, 11 CS#4 R. Barshai E. Mathis, sop
May 22, 23, 25, 26 POP#5
J. Everly and Bach Choir S. Woods, sop/M. Paris, mezzo D. Eisler, tnr/B Hubbard, bari
May 30, June 1 CS#5 K. Akiyama
C. Parkening, guitarMay 30
Norbert Kraaft, guitarJune 1
May 31 F. Pops#3 P. McCoppin Jarvis Benoit Quartet
June 5, 6, 8, 9 POP#6 K. Akiyama M. Martin, soprano; B. Zarankin, piano
Y. Guilbert, piano
a
Rudolf Barshai is Music Director and Principal Conductor and Kazuyoshi Akiyama is Conductor Laureate of the VSO.
SOURCE: VSO files.
The VSO is one of the oldest cultural institutions in Vancouver, with its inaugural concert held in 1897. Regular seasons were offered in the 1930s when the orchestra came under the patronage of Mrs. B. T. Rogers. The orchestra’s original repertoire included mostly big band music. Over the years, the repertoire expanded to reflect more classical and romantic symphonic works, changing in response to the tastes of the various musical directors. As well, the regular season was lengthened and the number of scheduled programs and series increased.
The orchestra, among the 10 largest in North America, has been plagued with financial, managerial, and artistic problems over the past two years. Subscription revenue has steadily declined in the last five years, putting pressure on the symphony to emphasize sales of single tickets and to heavily promote each event. With 122 scheduled performances in the 1986/87 season, a 15 percent decrease in regular subscribers (to the “Jubilee” and “Musically Speaking” series), the sluggish economic climate in Vancouver postExpo ‘86, and a deficit of $811,000, the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra faced an enormous challenge just to maintain the status quo, let alone reduce its deficit.
While small consolation, symphony orchestras throughout North America were going through difficult times (Newsweek, January 5, 1987, pp. 54–56). In September 1986, the Oakland Symphony declared bankruptcy and closed its doors; others, such as the San Diego Symphony and the one in Halifax, Nova Scotia, had suspended operations for a season or more. The Chicago Symphony, despite playing to a 98 percent capacity, was able to pay back only 62 percent of its $20 million operating budget. On the other hand, the symphonies in Montreal and Hamilton were enjoying record attendance levels and renewed financial support.
Decline in Attendance
At one point in the 1970s, the VSO enjoyed the largest subscription base of any orchestra in North America. However, the number of subscribers has been steadily declining. In 1985/86, subscriptions dropped by 18 percent. In 1986/87, the decrease in subscriptions could approach 20 percent, for an overall decline since 1984/85 of over 30 percent. Plans were being made to revise the subscription packages for the 1987/88 season in order to reverse this trend. However, the program for the current season was set.
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
5/15
Singleticket sales had also been decreasing, but at a slower rate than subscriptions and were becoming relatively more important in terms of total attendance. They accounted for 36,701 tickets sold in the 1985/86 season. In 1984/85, regular subscribers accounted for 79 percent of the total attendance. However, the proportion of subscribers for 1986/87 was projected at only 70 percent of total attendance.
The Free Concert
One of the ways to offset declining revenues may be to focus on nonsubscribers. After a date to make a recording of the VSO was postponed, it was decided in early December that a “free concert” be given in order to obtain “trial” by the nonsubscriber group. This concert was held in the evening on Tuesday, January 6, 1987. People had to go to the VSO’s administrative office located three miles away from the Orpheum Theater (where the VSO performed) to pick up tickets. After being heavily promoted on a local FM radio station, the concert was an immediate “sellout” with all 2,761 tickets distributed. So as to obtain information about the concertgoers in a cost effective manner, a questionnaire was developed and given to audience members. Because of time constraints, an initial draft of the questionnaire was pretested only on VSO office employees. A photoreduced copy of the survey is shown in Marketing Research in Action III2 along with relevant response frequencies for each question for the entire sample. Respondents had the choice of dropping off the instrument at various places in the Orpheum or mailing it in later. A total of 614 completed questionnaires from the 2,400 people actually in attendance were returned. Since almost everyone attended in groups of two or more, this was considered a good response rate by management.
MARKETING RESEARCH IN ACTION III2: Audience Questionnaire
VANCOUVER SYMPHONY
Audience Questionnaire
Dear Patron,
We at the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra want very much to provide the best possible musical experience for our audiences and the Vancouver community as a whole. In our continuing efforts to improve our performances and make your concertgoing as satisfying and enjoyable as possible, we ask that you take a little time to answer the following questions. Your opinions and suggestions are extremely important and will be most useful in helping us to evaluate our programs, as well as our manner of presentation.
When you leave tonight’s concert, please be so kind as to place the completed questionnaire in one of the special boxes located near the exits and the VSO Gift Shop. If you do not have time to complete it this evening, we would request that you mail it to us at your convenience. On behalf of the members of the orchestra and the staff, thank you very much for your assistance.
Edward Philip Oscapella
Executive Director
Vancouver Symphony Orchestra
400 East Broadway, Vancouver, B.C., V5T 1X2—8751661
1. aAre you a subscriber (i.e., purchase series tickets) to the VSO?
19% 11 _____ Yes, currently
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
6/15
29 12 _____ No, but formerly
51 13 _____ Never subscribed
2. Have you ever purchased tickets to an individual VSO event?
22% 21 _____ Yes, since September 1986
51 22 _____ Yes, but only before September 1986
26 23 _____ No
3. Since September 1986, how many times have you attended a VSO performance?
56% 31 _____ I haven’t attended a VSO performance since September 1986
18 32 _____ Attended once
12 33 _____ Attended 2–3 times
7 34 _____ Attended 4–5 times
5 35 _____ Attended more than 5 times
4. If you have ever attended previous VSO performances, we would like to know why. Please indicate the THREE most important reasons from the list below. (1 = Most Important, 2 = SecondMost Important, 3 = ThirdMost Important). Write 1, 2, or 3 on the appropriate lines.
i.b ii. iii.
42%a 19% 39% (4) ___I wanted to see and hear classical music performed live
2 16 81 (5) ___The VSO under Maestro Rudolf Barshai is an excellent orchestra
7 44 49 (6) ___I think the Orpheum is an excellent setting for great music
13 31 54 (7) ___The choice of music appealed to me
13 37 50 (8) ___I wanted to see famous guest artists and conductors
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
7/15
Please list any additional reasons below:
(9) ___ _________________________________________________________________________
(10) ___ _________________________________________________________________________
(11) ___ _________________________________________________________________________
5. Overall, what is your rating of the VSO on the following characteristics? Put a checkmark on the appropriate lines.
EXCELLENT (4) GOOD (3) FAIR (2) POOR (1)
___ Performance of Orchestra 65%a 33% 1% 0% (12)
___ Guest Artists 43 53 2 2 (13)
___ Music Selection 22 59 10 8 (14)
___ Acoustics in Orpheum 56 39 3 1 (15)
___ Prices of Tickets 13 46 35 6 (16)
___ Convenience of Parking 12 41 33 13 (17)
___ General Atmosphere of Orpheum 63 34 2 1 (18)
___ Service from VTCCBO 26 57 13 4 (19)
6. Please give us your opinion about the amount of each type of music played by the VSO.
TOO MUCH (3)
ABOUT RIGHT (2)
TOO LITTLE (1)
___ Classical (e.g., Bach, Mozart) 6%a 72% 22% (20)
___ 20th century music (e.g., Debussy, Stravinsky) 14 71 14 (21)
___ Pops (e.g., Mantovani, Williams) 20 62 18 (22)
24 60 16 (23)
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
8/15
___ Canadian (e.g., Schaeffer) 24 60 16 (23)
7. Below are presented eight pairs of events characterized by reputation of performer, seating arrangements, and single ticket prices. Assuming everything else about each pair is identical, please check your preference in each case.
International Performers & $20 price
New, Promising Performers & $8 price
Orchestra & $20 price
Balcony & $8 price
Orchestra & $20 price
Balcony & $14 price
International Performers & $20 price
New, Promising Performers & $14 price
International Performers & $14 price
New, Promising Performers & $8 price
Orchestra & $14 price
Balcony & $8 price
International Performers & Balcony
New, Promising Performers & Orchestra
International Performers & Orchestra
International Performers & Balcony
8. What concert times do you prefer?
12%a 321 ___ Matinees (2:30 p.m.)
34 322 ___ 7:30 p.m.
55 323 ___ 8:00 p.m.
7 324 ___ 8:30 p.m.
9. What day of the week do you prefer to attend concerts?
18%a 331 ___ Sunday
21 332 ___ Monday
27 333 ___ Tuesday
17 334 ___ Wednesday
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
9/15
17 335 ___ Thursday
25 336 ___ Friday
32 337 ___ Saturday
10. From where do you get most of your information about VSO events?
47%a 341 ___ From VSO mailings
46 342 ___ From ads in daily newspapers (e.g., Sun, Province)
3 343 ___ From ads in community newspapers
32 344 ___ From radio ads
3 345 ___ From television ads
10 346 ___ From reviews and feature stories
347 ___ Other—please specify
11. Which daily newspaper do you read most often?
71%a 351 ___ Vancouver Sun
24 352 ___ Province
7 353 ___ Globe and Mail
6 354 ___ Other—please specify ________________________________________
12. Are you
39%a 361 ___ Male
61 362 ___ Female
13. To which age group do you belong?
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
10/15
2%a 371 ___ Under 18
6 372 ___ 18–24
16 373 ___ 25–34
17 374 ___ 35–44
21 375 ___ 45–54
22 376 ___ 55–64
19 377 ___ 65 and over
14 Please specify your postal code See EXHIBIT 15. If you prefer to purchase tickets to individual events (as opposed to subscription tickets), why is this so? Please indicate below. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 16. All things considered, what would it take to get you to attend VSO performances on a regular basis? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION IN COMPLETING THIS QUESTIONNAIRE, AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATRONAGE OF THE VANCOUVER SYMPHONY.
When you leave tonight’s concert, please place the completed questionnaire in one of the special boxes located near the exits and the VSO Gift Shop. If you do not have time to complete it this evening, we would request that you mail it to us at your convenience.
Audience Survey
c/o Vancouver Symphony Society
400 East Broadway
Vancouver, B.C.
VST 1X2
a
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
11/15
Percentages given in questionnaire are for all respondents.
b
i = most important; ii = 2nd or 3rd most important; iii = not ranked in top 3.
The data from the survey is in a file called VSO. Marketing Research in Business III3 provides a sequential listing of the variables in the file and each variable corresponds to a specific question in the survey. For example, SUBSCRBR is the first variable and corresponds to Question 1 on the questionnaire. POSTCOD5 is the last variable and refers to the sixth digit of the respondent’s postal code as asked by Question 14. RESPID refers to respondent identification and was inserted after receiving the research instruments. It is to be noted that no quantitative analysis can readily be performed on Questions 15 and 16.
MARKETING RESEARCH IN ACTION III3: Variable Listing
Variable Rec Start End
SUBSCRBR 1 1 1
INDPURCH 1 2 2
ATTEND 1 3 3
LIVEMUS 1 4 4
VSOGOOD 1 5 5
ORPGOOD 1 6 6
CHOICE 1 7 7
FAMOUS 1 8 8
OTHER1 1 9 9
OTHER2 1 10 10
OTHER3 1 11 11
ORCHSTRA 1 12 12
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
12/15
GUESTS 1 13 13
SELETION 1 14 14
ACOUSTIC 1 15 15
PRICES 1 16 16
PARKING 1 17 17
ATMSPERE 1 18 18
SERVICE 1 19 19
CLASICAL 1 20 20
TWENTITH 1 21 21
POPS 1 22 22
CANADIAN 1 23 23
PAIR1 1 24 24
PAIR2 1 25 25
PAIR3 1 26 26
PAIR4 1 27 27
PAIR5 1 28 28
PAIR6 1 29 29
PAIR7 1 30 30
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
13/15
PAIR8 1 31 31
MATINEE 1 32 32
SVNTHRTY 1 33 33
EIGHT 1 34 34
EGHTHRTY 1 35 35
SUNDAY 1 36 36
MONDAY 1 37 37
TUESDAY 1 38 38
WEDNESDAY 1 39 39
THURSDAY 1 40 40
FRIDAY 1 41 41
SATURDAY 1 42 42
VSOMAIL 1 43 43
PAPERADS 1 44 44
COMMPAPR 1 45 45
RADIOADS 1 46 46
TVADS 1 47 47
STORIES 1 48 48
OTHRSRCE 1 49 49
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
14/15
OTHRSRCE 1 49 49
VANCSUN 1 50 50
PROVINCE 1 51 51
GLBEMAIL 1 52 52
OTHRPAPR 1 53 53
GENDER 1 54 54
AGEGROUP 1 55 55
POSTCOD1 1 56 56
POSTCOD2 1 57 57
POSTCOD3 1 58 58
POSTCOD4 1 59 59
POSTCOD5 1 60 60
RESPID 1 61 61
Given all this information, Ed, Jane, and Doug sat down to analyze it and work on a report for the Board of Directors. They knew that any recommendation(s) they make must be supported by the data.
Questions for Discussion
1.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of this market research project?
2.
What information can you derive from the data? State specifically the managerial questions you are hoping to resolve and how the data would help you. Make at least one specific recommendation based on the results of this research.
8/12/2016 Marketing Research, 11th Edition
15/15
1
Ed Oscapella, Executive Director; Jane Corbett, Director of Marketing; and E. Douglas Hughes, Director of Communications for the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra.
2
The data for this case are available; see your instructor.