summary and quoting assignment
Khalifa 094
quoting_sources_powerpoint.pptxQuoting Sources
Ralph Waldo Emerson--1849
“I hate quotations. Tell me what you know.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson--1876
“By necessity, by proclivity, and by delight, we all quote.”
Originally, Emerson, like most artists, wanted to show his unique ideas in his own words. However, he soon learned that individual ideas are seldom completely unexplored.
Quoting can be a powerful ally
In academic writing, it is essential to use other authors’ arguments to support your own thoughts. Most often, this comes through the use of quotations.
Reasons for Quoting
It is very often that the language the author used to convey his/her message sounds much better than just rephrasing it in your own language.
It is also an appeal to reason (Logos). You have a published author (most likely an authority on the subject) to back you up.
At times, it can be difficult for anyone but an absolute expert in the field of study to rework the text in their own language due to the complexity of the fields’ words.
Reasons Continued…
There are times in your essay that you will want to break down the specific language the author uses. Quoting also provides for this.
This is one of the things I use quotation for the most. Because literary authors/poets work so closely with words, I have to interpret them for the audience.
If you want to criticize or dispel a writer’s logic, you have to read their words very closely and be prepared to explain them to your reader/audience.
Non-Integrated Direct Quotation: Separating Quotations from Your Own Writing
This is the simplest form of quotation. You separate the citation (that’s your writing) from the words you are quoting.
You do this using commas and quotations. Such as:
Alexander Pope states, “All Nature is but art, unknown to thee” (Pope 505).
In his book Technical Communication, Mike Markel notes, “Correspondence should convey a courteous, positive tone” (361).
Or you could do it this way:
If you use a complete sentence to introduce a quotation, you need a colon after the sentence.
In his first epistle of An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope comments on the relation of man to the universe: “All Nature is but art, unknown to thee” (Pope 505).
Markel points out the importance of all professional emails: “Everything you write on the job is legally the property of the organization for which you work, and the messages are almost always archived digitally […] Your documents might be read by the company president, or they might appear in a newspaper or in a court of law” (360).
These types of quotations work to disassociate the author’s text from your own. Maybe because you disagree with their statements, or at least, you are trying to distance yourself from the quotation.
Direct Quotation: Integrating Quotations into Your Sentences
This way associates your argument with that of what you are quoting. You finish your statement with the words of another author.
Only the quotation marks tell the reader that the words are not your own.
Alexander Pope declares that “[a]ll nature is but art” (Pope 505). Notice here that there is no comma after “that.” Also, the “a” in “All” is not capitalized, because you are trying to make it fit the sentence structure.
As it has been noted, problematic, error-heavy emails can be seen as “a lack of respect for your reader” (Markel 361).
Indirect Quotation
Alexander Pope likened all nature to art.
Although this is a blend of Alexander Pope’s statement and my own words, not giving him credit with a quotation makes it seems like this is my scholarly inference.
In this case, I can paraphrase, but I still need a citation at the end showing where I got the quote. In this case, I would put (Pope l. 289) at the end of the sentence before the period.
If I don’t, it could be considered plagiarism.
Incorrect Quotation Style
Never use this style of quotation: “All nature is but art,” states Alexander Pope.
A lot of people use this quotation style, because they have seen it used in books before; however, this style of quotation is reserved mostly for fiction and creative nonfiction, but not for academic writing.
In academia, people want to almost instantly know where the quote is coming from, rather than to find it out at the end of a sentence. Also, it distracts the reader from the meaning of the quote, and instead, the reader is more likely to focus on who said the quote.
The Historical Present Tense
According to tradition, statements made by authors outlast their own lives. This produced, over the years, the use of the historical present tense. This means, although Shakespeare died in 1616, when we quote him we use the present tense.
Shakespeare states, “Words without thoughts never to heaven go” (Shakespeare, III, iii, 103).
Extended Quotation
If you have to quote a larger chunk of your source and it runs for more than four printed or handwritten lines, you will have to do an extended quotation.
You introduce it with a colon:
“You indent the text a full inch (or two Tabs) and then type it double spaced. If you want to cut out part of the quote use three periods or ellipses like this . . . which represents the fact that you have cut out a part of the quote that was unnecessary for the meaning of the sentence.”
One should not use extended quotation unless you absolutely have to. Long, embedded quotes don’t make up for a lack of page length. If your paper barely makes it to the required page length, but you had an embedded quote that took up a quarter of a page, I will notice.
Look at the board to see how to do ellipses.
