Japanese Linguistics

Question 1

1) Give the definition of morphemes.

2) What are allomorphs?

3) Define the three major word-formation rules (derivation, compounding, and inflection).

4) Which word-formation is involved in the following words?

a) あきそら　 秋空　“autumn sky”

b) はなして　 話し手 ‘speaker”

c) 書いた　　 “wrote”

Question 2:

Give the morphological, syntactic, and semantic definitions to Japanese lexical categories (nouns, verbs, and adjectives). In what sense are adjectival nouns(e.g. 静かなsuzuka-na “quite”) and verbal nouns (e.g. 勉強benkyoo(-suru) “ study) are mixed catregories?

Question3:

Part 1:　(use example of HO7, Page 14, 43(a) and (c))

1) explain how X-bar rules characterize phrases?

2) What are the head, complements and specifiers?

3) What relations hold between the specifier/ head and the complement/head?

4) What is X?

5) Explain what a bar　(or a prime in X’s) is

Part 2:

Explain how X’s rules are extende to do away with the following phrase structure rules:

a) S rule: S-NP VP

b) S’ Rule: s- S COMP