Essay

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Communications

Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another…(Mistry, Jaggers, Lodge, Alton, Mericle, Meliones 2008)

Communications

Thought

Concept, ideas, feelings

Encoding

Message sent to receiver in words or symbols

Decoding

Receiver translates words or symbols into a concept or information that can be understood

Communications

Barriers to Communication

Nothing is so simple that it cannot be misunderstood – Freeman Teague Jr.

Barriers to Effective Interpersonal Communication

Distortions:

Stereotyping

Tendency to attribute characteristics to an individual on the basis of an assessment of the group to which they belong

Halo effect

Tendency to use a general impression based on one or a few characteristics of an individual

Projection

Tendency of an individual to assume others share their thoughts, feelings and characteristics

Perceptual defense

Tendency to block out or distort information one finds threatening or which challenges one’s beliefs shoot the bearer of bad news.

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Communications

Culture

We allow past experience to change the meaning of the message

Noise

Equipment or environmental noise impedes clear communication

Ourselves

Defensiveness, superiority, and ego

Communications

Perception

Our preconceived attitudes affect our ability to listen

Message

Semantic distractions occur when a word is used differently than you prefer

Stress

People do not see things the same way when they are under stress

Demonstration

Message Distortion

Frequently referred to as:

Whispers

Telephone

Grapevine

Instructor will provide directions

Leadership Styles

Trait (charismatic)

Focuses exclusively on the leader

Drive for responsibility and task completion

Risk taking

Drive to exercise initiative

Self-confidence

Readiness to absorb interpersonal stress

Ability to influence behavior of others

Willingness to tolerate frustration and delay

Leadership Styles

Skills

Technical

Human

Conceptual

Situational (Contingency)

Match style to competence and commitment of subordinates or match to the situation

Servant Leadership (Review from Last Week)

Servant Leaders must first and foremost meet the needs of others

The fundamental motivation for leadership should be a desire to serve

Servant Leaders value human equality and seek to enhance personal and professional development of others

Reference: The role of values in servant leadership by Robert F. Russell (2001)

Other authors include: Baggett, Covey, DePree, Kouzes & Posner

Leadership Styles

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)

Dyadic relationship between leader and follower

Expanded and negotiated role responsibilities (in-group)

Formal employment contract or defined roles (out-group)

Leadership Styles

Transformational Leaders

Incorporates charismatic and visionary leadership

Transforms and changes people

Assesses followers motives, satisfies their needs

Exceptional level of influence that produces more than is expected

Leadership Styles

Authentic Leadership

Based on three perspectives: Intrapersonal, Developmental, and Interpersonal

Authentic leaders lead from conviction

Authentic leadership develops from life experiences

Authenticity develops from interactions between leaders and followers **

Leadership Styles

Autocratic

Leader uses authority and acts without substantial input or participation of followers

Can be related to other styles

Democratic (Participative)

Leader guides discussions based upon full participation of followers

Liaise-Faire

Delegation of authority

From Values to Action

Balance & Perspective

Leaders don’t have all the answers

Input from others crucial

True Self-Confidence

Attribute that allows you to accept who you are

Stems from Self-Reflection / Self-Assessment

Genuine Humility

Recognizing the value of everyone