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LING 210/ Assignment #2 Name: ____________________ Due in class on Monday, July 18 Note: Answer each of the questions on this paper. You should plan out your answers before you write them down. This assignment has 9 tasks, covering material from chapters 7 and 8 (SYNTAX). Remember your answers must represent your own understanding of the material. Please do not discuss the assignment with your classmates. Task One: Determine if the bracketed string in each of the following sentences is a constituent. If it is a constituent, write a check mark in the space provided after the sentence. If it is not a constituent, write an x in the space. (7 points)

1. [Dogs] on leashes are allowed in this park. ____

2. Dogs are free to run and play with the toys [at the park]. ____ 3. My neighbor brings [seven dogs] to the park every day. ____ 4. [People who have dogs] use the park often. ____

5. The dog [ran out the door with a carrot]. ____

Task Two: The constituents are underlined in the following sentences. Circle the head of each constituent and name it (your choices are noun phrases, adjective phrases, verb phrases or prepositional phrases) (8 points)

1. Fluent speakers of a language have an enormous subconscious knowledge of the rules of their language.________ 2. The art student bought a very beautiful painting.___________

3. The rabbit quickly jumped into the big hole. _________

4. A dog is a good pet for a family with children. ___________

5. Many executives eat at really fancy restaurants. _____________

6. These executives appear pretty humble. _____________

Task Three: Identify the part of speech of each underlined word; justify your

answer based on linguistic criteria (syntactic and morphological). (9 points)

At last, we had begun1 filming. Should I say `we'? I was living in the house

and extremely curious2 about everything connected with the film.

Fortunately, they let me hang around and even gave me a job. As an

historian, I kept an eye on detail and did not allow the filmmakers3 to stray

too far from the period of Louis Philippe. The project was to make an hour-

long film about4 Houdin and it was decided to shoot the picture in

Switzerland. This may have been a bad idea. It certainly mixed5

professional6 and domestic affairs.

(adapted from World of Wonders, R. Davies, I, 2)

begun _________________________________________________

curious ________________________________________________

filmmakers ______________________________________________

about ______________________________________________________

mixed _____________________________________________________

professional ________________________________________________

Task Four: Consider this structurally ambiguous sentence. You should have no trouble finding two different interpretations. For each interpretation, draw a tree diagram and give an unambiguous paraphrase. . Draw your trees right-side up; the words should be at the bottom. (8 points)

Sally called her friend from France

Interpretation 1: Tree diagram Paraphrase: Interpretation 2: Tree diagram Paraphrase:

Task Five: Draw tree diagrams for each of the following phrases. Draw your trees right-side up; the words should be at the bottom.: (8 points) 1. the bridge 2. searched the house 3. by the river 4. jumped off the bridge 5. the poem of love Task Six: Identify if the underlined expressions are complements or modifiers. (7 points)

1) May is Jamestown’s 400th birthday. ______________.

2) For many years, the trials and mistakes were severe. __________

3) Its quest for democracy gave Indians and slaves a lot of pain.

4) The Portuguese were harvesting dyewood in Brazil. ________

5) Queen Elizabeth II will be present to celebrate the occasion. ___________

Task Seven: Underline the subjects in the following sentences. (5 points)

a) These days, the smartphone in your pocket gives you easy access to

information held in all the libraries on earth.

b) In this issue the new data sets at our disposal are carefully examined.

c) Online services like Uber make underutilized vehicles more productive.

Task Eight: The following data are from Igbo, a language from Nigeria. (4 points) a) Nwáanyĩ áhũ b) ũlũ a

Woman that house this ‘that woman’ ‘this house’

i) What is the order of determiner and noun in Igbo?

ii) Draw the phrase structure trees for the two Igbo phrases.

Task Nine: Consider the following sentences and answer the questions that

follow: (4 points)

a. Barry loves video games. b. Sam knows that Barry loves video games. c. He knows that Sam knows that Barry loves video games. 1) Write another sentence that includes sentence (c)

2) What does this set of sentences reveal about the nature of sentence structure?