Assignment 1: Biology Article
voncolio
ch_1_-_invitation_to_biology.pptx“Biology”
BIOLOGY: Today and Tomorrow, 4e starr evers starr
Characteristics of Life
2
Life is Highly Organized
Emergent Properties
3
Organisms Require Energy and Nutrients
Photosynthesis
Metabolism
4
Organisms Sense and Respond to Change
Homeostasis
5
5
Organisms Grow and Reproduce
6
DNA
How Living Things are Alike
Organization
Microscopic to Global
Emergent Properties
Specific Arrangement and Interactions
Energy Flow
Assimilation and Utilization
Material Cycling
Nutrients
Respond to Environment
Homeostasis
Reproduce
New Individuals
Develop
Inherited Information
7
How Living Things are Different
8
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Bacteria
9
Archaea
10
Protists
11
Fungi
12
Plants
13
Animals
14
Imagine you are explaining to a friend what the term species means.
15
Define “species.”
How are species within a genus related to one another?
When discussing species and genus, how is the word “related” used?
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
The Science of Nature
Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experiment
Results
Reporting
The Scientific Method
16
16
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
17
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
18
18
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
19
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
20
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
21
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
22
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
23
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
24
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
25
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
26
Test falsifies hypothesis. Revise hypothesis or pose new one.
Observation
Question
Hypothesis 1:
Dead batteries
Hypothesis 2:
Burned-out bulb
Prediction:
Prediction:
Replacing batteries will fix problem.
Replacing bulb will fix problem.
Experiment:
Experiment:
Test prediction by replacing batteries.
Test prediction by replacing bulb.
Test does not falsify hypothesis. Make additional predictions and test them.
27
Sampling Error
3 out of 4 = female (75%)
2 out of 3 females = skirts (66.6%)
28
Sampling Error
6 out of 10 = female (60%)
2 out of 6 females = skirts (33.3%)
29
Sampling Error
11 out of 20 = female (55%)
2 out of 11 females = skirts (18%)
30
Bias
“What did you find?” versus
“What did you want to find?”
31
The Nature of Science
Scientific Theory
Hypothesis which stands multiple tests
Law of Nature
Occurs in every circumstance without explanation
32
Science
– the systematic study of the observable world and how it works
33
Pseudoscience
– an activity which uses the appearance or language of science to convince people into thinking something has scientific validity
34
Nonscience
– a method for gathering information usually based on belief or assumption
35
Pinocchio frog
