total 5 pages
vivivivi
chapter_2_stress__time_mgt.pptMGT 370
DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Chapter 2
Stress and Time Management
Dr. Akanksha Bedi
*
*
Agenda
- Stress
- Lewin’s force field
- General model of stress
- Stress management
- Time management
*
*
- Costs US economy $500 billion annually
- Stress related problems at work include:
- Absenteeism
- Turnover
- Job Dissatisfaction
- Accidents
- Physical Health of Employees
Management of Stress and Time
*
Ineffective
Management
The Role of Management
Employee
Stress
*
Lewin’s Force Field
Driving Forces
Restraining Forces
*
Stage 1) Alarm: increase in anxiety, fear, sorrow or loss.
Stage 2) Resistance: attempt to control stress using defense mechanism.
- Aggression
- Regression
- Repression
- Withdrawal
- Fixation
Stage 3) Exhaustion: stop trying to defend against stress.
Three Stages of Reactions to Stress
*
A General Model of Stress
Stressors
- Anticipatory
- Time
- Encounter
- Situational
Reactions
- Physiological
- Psychological
Resiliency
- Physical
- Psychological
- Social
*
Time Stressors
Encounter Stressors
Situational Stressors
Anticipatory Stressors
Four Sources of Stress
*
- Could/Should we eliminate stress from our lives?
- Eustress
- Challenge is not to eliminate stress, but to understand how it arises and to manage it in a way that does not derail your life and work
So Why Not Eliminate Stress Altogether?
*
A Hierarchy of Approaches
Enactive Strategies: Eliminate stressors
Proactive Strategies: Develop resiliency strategies
Reactive Strategies: Learn temporary coping strategies
Managing Stress
*
Eliminating Stressors
Insert Table 2.3
*
Spending time on important matters
Distinguishing between important tasks versus urgent tasks
Focus on results rather than methods
Not feeling guilty when saying “no”
Effective Time Management
*
Time Management Matrix
*
| Urgent | Not Urgent | |
| Important | Relevant to current goals/objectives Need to be addressed ASAP | Relevant to current goals/objectives Don’t need to be addressed right away |
| Not Important | Not relevant to current goals/objectives Need to be addressed ASAP | Not relevant to current goals/objectives Can wait |
*
Identify task to be accomplished - this is “final product”
i.e. complete English paper
Break this task down into actionable steps – individual, small tasks that need to be done
i.e. Read source material, create outline, write paper, proofread paper
Consider time dimensions – what order do tasks have to be done in, what external time factors exist?
i.e. identify due date for paper, then work backwards for setting time deadlines for individual tasks
Assign priorities to tasks
Note: pay attention to how priorities change as time goes on
Using To-Do Lists Effectively
*
- 2 minute rule
- If something can be done in 2 minutes or less, just do it, don’t bother scheduling and planning it
- Be aware of your “prime time”
- What time of day do you work best on:
- Complex tasks?
- Social tasks?
- Quiet tasks?
- Schedule these tasks for those times to increase the efficiency of the time you expend.
Additional Time Management tips
*
- What’s the difference?
- Be effective: do right tasks, not just anything that comes up
- Be efficient: maximize output (i.e. what you accomplish) with given input (i.e. fixed time)
- Which is more important?
Effectiveness versus Efficiency
*
- Eliminating encounter stress through membership in a stable, close-knit group or community.
- Emotional Bank Account: Compares investments in relationships to deposits and withdrawals in bank accounts
- The more people interact positively, the more deposits are made.
Collaboration
*
- Effectively eliminating stress and increasing productivity by changing aspects of work.
- To eliminate stressors at work:
- combine tasks
- form identifiable work units
- establish customer relationships
- increase decision-making authority
- open feedback channels
Work Redesign
*
Resiliency: Moderating the Effects of Stress
| Physiological Resiliency | Psychological Resiliency | Social Resiliency |
| Cardiovascular conditioning Proper diet | Balanced lifestyle Hardy personality Small-wins strategy | Supportive social relations Mentors Teamwork |
*
- Heart disease
- Stress related illness (i.e. low emotional involvement)
- Reduced ability to develop hardiness
Negative Effects of Type A Personality
*
- Small wins strategy
- Deep-relaxation strategies
- meditation
- yoga
- self-hypnosis
- biofeedback
Antidotes for Type A’s
*
Summary
Use time effectively by basing your time management program on a personal mission statement
Give important activities priority over urgent ones
Increase your resiliency by leading a balanced life
Increase social resiliency by forming an open, trusting relationship with at least one other person
*
*
QUESTIONS?
*
